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What is the process of biological change by which descendents come to differ from their ancestors?
Evolution
speciation
Rise of 2 or more species from one existing species
Estimates time during which organism lived by comparing the placement of fossil of that organism with placement of fossils in other layers of rock
Relative dating
Features that allow them to better survive in their environments.
episodes of speciation occur suddenly in geologic time and are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change.
Punctuated equilibrium
Members of different populations can not longer mate successfully
Reproductive isolation
Adaptive radiation
Diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species
Changes in landforms resulting from slow changes over long period over time
GRADUALISM
Micro evolution
Observable change in allele frequencies of a population over time
Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis
Cyanobacteria
the study of distribution of organisms around the world
Biogeography
Amount of time it takes for isotope in sample to decay into another organism
Half life
ribozymes
RNA molecules that catalyze for chemical reactions
dofference Between natural cast and permineralization
Natural cast takes tissue out by water and leaves mold, in permineralization the whole hard structure can be replaced by minerals
what makes up a populations gene pool
combined alleles of all individuals in a population
Natural selection
Mechanism where individuals with beneficial adaptations will survive better then others
Theory of endosymbiosis describes the probable evolution of what type of cell
Eukaryotic Cells.
features that are similar in structure but have different functions
homologous structures
Why are smaller populations more affected by genetic drift?
Because there less alleles to balance out the effect of random changes.
Hardy weinburg equilibrium rules
No mutations, no genetic drift, no gene flow, no natural selection, no artificial selection
What are two types of evidence that supports the hypto that earth and the rest of the solar system formed by a condensing nebula?
1 computer models
2 observations made with hubble space telescope.
Background extinctions vs mass extinctions
Background extinction is when small changes cause extinction but mass is a huge catastrophe or something big affects the populations causing species to die
How did miller Urey experiment model conditions of early earth?
What can be predicted from hardy weinburg equilibrium
Predict genotype frequencies in population
Why are best index fossils from species that only existed for a short period of time?
Because the shorter the life span, the more precise the layer of rock containing the index fossil can be dated.