What is the process by which precipitation that has fallen on land trickles into the ground and becomes runoff and is returned directly to the oceans through streams and rivers?
infiltration
100
What are holes dug or drilled into the ground to reach an aquifer?
*Hint* There are two main types: Ordinary and Artesian.
wells
100
What is a single source of freshwater that represents the largest volume of freshwater worldwide readily available for use by humans?
groundwater deposits
100
Sinkholes may eventually join to form_________.
wide valleys
100
What is the highest percent of porosity is found in?
a) well sorted materials
b) the water table
c) impermeable layers
d) poorly sorted sediments
a) well sorted materials
200
What is the region below Earth's surface in which groundwater completely fills all the pores of a material.
zone of saturation
200
The ability of a material to let water pass through it is its _____________.
permeability
200
What are characteristics that karst topography shares with most areas?
humid areas; limestone bedrock
200
What is the name of a layer of sediment or rock that does not allow water to pass through it.
aquiclude
200
What type of rock has the lowest permeability?
a) sandstone
b) limestone
c) shale
d) highly fractured rock
c) shale
300
What are mound-shaped dripstone that forms as water drips to the floor of the cave?
stalagmites
300
A __________ occurs where groundwater is discharged at Earth's surface at the contact between an aquifer and an aquiclude.
springs
300
What forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?
carbonic acid
300
What is the layer of the groundwater table where the pores contain mostly air, although the materials are still moist?
*Hint: it's a zone*
zone of aeration
300
What is a characteristic of karst topography?
a) sinking streams
b) sinkholes
c) caves
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
400
What is a form of dripstone that hangs from the cave's ceiling like icicles?
stalacite
400
The difference between the original water table level and the water level in the pumped well is called the ___________.
drawdown
400
What is a characteristic porous rocks must have for them to be permeable?
they must have interconnected pores
400
What are the two zones that can be found in a groundwater table?
the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation
400
How are caves formed?
a) permeability of water through fine-grained materials
b) dissolution and precipitation of limestone
c) porosity of sandstone and limestone
d) uplift of limestone rocks
b) dissolution and precipitation of limestone
500
What is irregular topography with sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams caused by groundwater, dissolution of limestone?
karst topography
500
Water from precipitation replenishes the water content of an aquifer in the process of __________.
recharge
500
What are the layers of the groundwater table in order?
zone of aeration, water table, and zone of saturation
500
What are the conditions that are required for the formation of a spring?
an aquiclude holding water above the main water table, and recharged from above.
500
How is the water of a hot spring heated?
a) It is heated for no natural reason.
b) It flows close to an area of recent igneous activity.
c) It is heated from the body heat of humans.
d) It flows in an open area that is heated by solar activity.
b) It flows close to an area of recent igneous activity.