Reformation 1
This agreement ended the fighting between Catholic (led by emperor Charles V) and Protestant Germans. It allowed each German prince to choose the religion of his territory. This was the first formal recognition of Lutheranism.
Peace of Ausburg
Who sold indulgences in Luther's town?
Johann Tetzle
This archbishop granted Henry VIII his divorce and was later burned at the stake
Thomas Cranmer
What led to Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church?
He wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon
The Catholic church sought to censor Protestant ideas with what?
The Index of Prohibited Books
What was the Diet of Worms, and what was the result?
Luther was called before the German diet to defend his teachings, but he was not given a change to defend himself. He was asked to recant, and when he would not, he was declared an outlaw by the Edict of Worms.
The door of Wittenburg cathedral
The English church formed by the Tudors is called the ______________ Church. What is this church like?
Anglican; they are very formal and retained the ceremonial parts of catholicism but believed in protestant theology
Where did Luther debate Zwingli over the issue of Christ's bodily presence in communion?
Marburg Castle; called the Marburg Colloquy
What Catholic order zealously promoted the Counter Reformation?
Jesuits
What are three basic theological teachings of the Reformation?
Possible answers: the Pope is fallible and not the ultimate leader of the church (Christ is), priests should be able to marry, sola scripture, sola fide, sola gratia, men should confess to Christ directly not a priest, purgatory is not real, indulgences are immoral, etc
What year did Luther publish his 95 theses?
1517
Who orchestrated the St Bartholomew Day Massacre of Huguenots? How did he/she lure the huguenots into Paris?
Catherine de Medici, she brought them in for the wedding of her daughter Margaret (a catholic) to Henry of Navarre (a protestant) claiming it would settle their religious differences. Henry of Navarre became king of France after Catherine's last son died.
What is significant about the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What year did this take place?
1588; it kept Catholicism from taking hold of Europe again, which in turn allowed protestantism to spread to the colonies. America is largely protestant because of this pivotal moment.
Who fought on each side of the Dutch War of Independence (80 Years War).
Phillip II as King of the Netherlands (Catholic) against William I of Orange (Protestant)
List three translations of the bible in the vernacular and who translated them
Luther- German
Huss- Bohemian/Czech
Wycliffe- English
What was the fate of John Wycliffe?
He was declared a heretic after his death, and both his writings and his bones were burned
Matthius Mair
Name Henry VIII's children and whether they were Protestant or Catholic
Mary I- Catholic
Elizabeth I- Protestant
Edward VI- Protestant
How did Phillip II attempt to overthrow Elizabeth I?
He plotted with Elizabeth's cousin, Mary Stuart, to overthrow her and install Mary as a Catholic queen. Elizabeth doscovers the plot and imprisons Mary, and she is later executed.
How did the Pope justify the granting of indulgences?
It was said there was something called the Treasury of the Saints. This consisted of stored up "good deeds" from the Saints and Christ that the pope could distribute to others as he saw fit (he was the Treasurer). So dispensing these good works to a person as an indulgence lessened their time in purgatory.
Who did Luther debate at Leipzig and what happened there?
Catholic theologian Johann Eck debated Luther over who had authoirty in the church and whether the church/pope could make mistakes. He put forward his idea sola scriptura in these debates. Luther goes on to publish and distribute pamphlets across Europe with his ideas.
Name Henry VIII's wives and their fates
Catherine of Aragon (divorced), Anne Boleyn (beheaded), Jane Seymour (died), Anne of Cleves (divorced), Kathryn Howard (beheaded), Catherine Parr (survived)
List the five basic beliefs of Calvinism
Total Depravity
Unconditional election
Limited Atonement
Irresistible Grace
Perseverance of the Saints
What did the Council of Trent do?
It declared sola fide and sola scriptura to be heresy and formally condemned Protestant teaching, leading to a formal break between the two faiths.