Muscle Twitch
1a) What is the name of the machine that measures an action potential?
1b)What are the names of the 3 phases on a myograph during an action potential?
1a) myograph
1B) Latent period, contraction phase, Relaxation phase
Describe Aerobic respiration
up to 36 more ATP per glucose and REQUIRES O2.
1A) The brain and spinal cord are a part of which nervous system?
1B)The peripheral NS divides into which 2 types?
Central NS
sensory and motor
1A) Local potentials ___.
1B) ___ ___ ___ is the chemical key to a local potential.
communicate via into dendrite.
ligand gated channel
1A)What structure wraps each of the muscle fibers in connective tissue and provides blood and nerves
1b)What is the term for a bundle of muscle fibers
Endomysium
fascicle
What is the term(s) for action potentials added together for a stronger response? "recruitment"
Multiple Motor Unit Summation
"MMU"
1a) The phosphagen system creates ___ energy?
1B)Which part of the phosphagen system borrows phosphate from Creatine Phosphate to create ATP?
Creatine kinase or Myokinase?
immediate
creatine kinase
name the 2 divisions that are a part of the sensory division, and describe them.
visceral sensory division- organs/blood that we are unconsciously aware of, or feel but not specific (stomach pain)
Somatic sensory division- special senses that we are aware of ( 5 senses)
Describe the 4 characteristics of a local potential
graded
decremental
reversible
excitatory and inhibitory
graded: weak(few)/ strong (alot)
decremental: fades/ dilutes as it gets away from the source
reversible: send K out or Cl in (hyperpolarize)
Excitatory (+) and inhibitory (-)
1A)Which part of the muscle fiber is electrolyte rich
1b)What ion is released to initiate a muscle contraction
1C)What is the thick filament that is ATP activated that grabs on to a thin filament?
Sarcoplasm
Ca
myosin
Higher the stimulus...
The more nerves activated...
More of a contraction!!! ( increased tension)
1A)Which part of ATP synthesis used the lactic acid system and glycogen?
1B)Aerobic respiration is __ __ energy. Which get O2 from ___.
Anaerobic fermentation.
long term, blood
Name the 2 Visceral motor divisions and describe them?
sympathetic NS: fight/ flight
parasympathetic NS: calming/ regulating/ grounding
1A)local potentials occur in __ meanwhile action potentials occur in___.
1B) In which stage of an action potential is it IMPOSSIBLE to engage in more than 1 AP.
dendrite/cell body and axon
absolute refractory period
1. What are the 2 regulatory proteins
2.The area of a sarcomere where the thick filament resides is considered the
3.Communication of nerves occurs here
Tropomyosin and troponin
A band
synapse
Which of the following describes a temporal summation and incomplete tetanus? and why?
A) Still higher stimulus frequency
B) Unnaturally high stimulus frequency
c) unnaturally low stimulus frequency
Still higher stimulus frequency
Twitches get stronger and muscle doesnt completely relax between twitches. Which produces a result of incomplete tetanus.
a) Abundant mitochondria
b) high fatigue resistance
c) abundant myoglobin
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
D
1) Sensory ____ neurons
2)___neurons
3)Motor ___ neurons
afferent
inter-neurons
efferent
1A) What is in the salatory myelinated fibers that allows for faster AP's to be sent ?
1B) would an AP be sent faster down a myelinated or unmyelinated axon?
Nodes of Ranvier, causes them to jump instead of domino effect making it a faster process, so its myelinated.
1.What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine
2.The part (time) of an action potential where membrane voltage rises and becomes a less negative charge?
3.Calcium binds to what part of the muscle fiber during excitation contraction coupling
Acetylcholinesterase
depolarization
troponin
Which type of muscle contractions are described as same length different tension (wall sit/plank)
isometric contraction
1A) resistance training results in?
1B)Endurance exercise results in what?
hypertrophy and addition of myofibrals
more glycogen, more mitochondria, angiogenesis,
The Peripheral Nervous system is made up of __ and ___
What allows for a faster conduction speed other than myelin?
fiber diameter because it allows for more channels because of the increased surface area.
1. In the contraction stage, myosin heads attach to the actin to form what
2.What type of muscle is the strongest and why
3. what part of the muscle causes contractions
cross bridge
Multipennate, muscle fibers span in several different directions
myofilamtes