11.3
A condition where a person’s diet lacks essential nutrients, leading to health problems
What is Malnourishment
Having excessive body fat that poses health risks
What is obese?
The uppermost layer of soil rich in organic matter and nutrients, essential for plant growth
What is topsoil?
Farming practices that meet present food needs while maintaining ecosystem health, conserving resources, and protecting soil, water, and biodiversity for the long term
What is sustainable agriculture?
Planting alternating strips of crops (often with contour alignment) to reduce wind/water erosion, interrupt runoff, and improve soil conservation
What is strip‑farming?
The layer beneath topsoil, containing minerals but less organic matter
What is subsoil?
Formation of small channels in soil by running water
What is rill erosion?
Removal of thin layers of soil by water or wind across a broad area
What is sheet erosion?
What island is Mr. Lopez's family from?
What is Puerto Rico?
Creating step‑like, leveled platforms on slopes to retain water and soil, enabling cultivation on steep terrain while greatly reducing erosion
What is terracing?
Larger channels formed by water, more severe than rill erosion
What is gully erosion?
Accumulation of salts in soil due to irrigation, harming plant growth
What is salinization?
Large-scale livestock facility where animals are kept in confined spaces for efficient meat production
What is Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)?
Tillage along natural land contours (same elevation lines) to slow surface runoff and minimize soil loss
What is contour plowing?
Direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA (e.g., inserting or editing genes) to confer desired traits such as pest resistance or nutrient enhancement
What is genetic engineering?
Persistent pesticides that remain in the environment for long periods
What is chlorinated hydrocarbons?
A class of pesticides that affect the nervous system and degrade quickly
What is organophosphates?
Cycle where pests develop resistance, leading to increased pesticide use and stronger chemicals
What is pesticide treadmill?
Mid‑20th‑century shift in agriculture marked by high‑yield crop varieties, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation, dramatically increasing global food production but also intensifying environmental impacts
What is green revolution?
Plants (or other organisms) whose genomes have been altered using biotechnology to express novel traits
What are GMO or GM crops?
Small channels carved by running water in soil are called __________ erosion, while large channels are __________ erosion
What is rill and gully erosion?
The accumulation of water in soil that reduces oxygen availability is called __________.
What is waterlogging?
A class of pesticides that affect the nervous system and degrade quickly are __________, while those that persist longer in the environment are __________.
What are organophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Plowing along the natural curves of the land to reduce runoff is called __________.
What is contour plowing?
Farming practices that maintain soil health and minimize environmental impact are called __________.
What is sustainable agriculture?