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Genetics Terminology
Mendel's Principles
Punnett Squares
Other Patterns of Inheritance
It's all relative...
100
A segment of DNA coding for a specific trait.
What is a gene?
100
The separation of alleles during gamete formation is called?
What is segregation?
100
Another name for a single gene cross.
What is a monohybrid cross?
100
Human blood type is an example of what other pattern of inheritance?
What is multiple alleles?
100
How many alleles do we have for each gene?
What is two?
200
Different versions of genes.
What are alleles?
200
How do you represent a dominant allele and a recessive allele?
What is a dominant allele is represented by an uppercase letter where a recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter?
200
A mother who is heterozygous for type A blood has a child with a man who is homozygous for type B blood. What are their genotypes?
What is IAi (mother) and IBIB (father)?
200
Skin color, hair color, and eye color are all examples of __________.
What are polygenic traits?
200
An organism's __________ determines its __________, or physical appearance.
What are genotype and phenotype, respectively?
300
Another name for homozygous is __________ and another name for heterozygous is __________.
What are purebred and hybrid, respectively?
300
Which of Mendel's principles states that alleles segregate independently from one another during gamete formation? So, in other words, inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another.
What is independent assortment?
300
Right-handedness is dominant over left-handedness. What is the probability of a child being left handed if their mother's genotype is heterozygous dominant and their father's genotype is homozygous recessive?
What is 50%?
300
What are the three alleles for human blood type? Which one(s) is/ are dominant over the others?
What is IA, IB, and i; IA and IB are dominant over i?
300
Which human blood type displays codominance?
What is AB blood type?
400
Differentiate between an organism's phenotype and genotype. Then, provide an example of each.
What is an organism's phenotype is its physical appearance while an organism's genotype is its genetic makeup?
400
Correctly describe the following genotypes: JJ, Jj, jj.
What is JJ - homozygous dominant, Jj- heterozygous dominant, and jj - homozygous recessive?
400
Two parents, one heterozygous for type A blood and the other heterozygous for type B blood want to have children. Identify all possible genotypes and phenotypes of this genetic cross and the probability a child will inherit each.
What are IAIB (25%), IAi (25%), IBi (25%), and ii (25%)?
400
Differentiate between incomplete dominance and codominance.
What is incomplete dominance is when the alleles are neither dominant or recessive and in heterozygous individuals a phenotype appears which is in between that of the two homozygous individual's; codominance is where the heterozygous individual clearly displays both phenotypes of the homozygous individuals?
400
Which human blood type is considered the universal donor? Universal recipient? Also provide their genotype(s).
What is the universal donor is type O (ii) and the universal recipient is type AB (IAIB)?
500
Describe the difference between a heterozygous and homozygous individual.
What is a heterozygous individual has two different alleles, usually a dominant allele and a recessive allele whereas a homozygous individual has two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles for a gene?
500
What allows a dominant phenotype to be expressed? A recessive phenotype?
What is dominant - at least one dominant allele must be present to see the dominant phenotype (e.g. AA, Aa); recessive - a dominant allele is not present (e.g. aa)?
500
A child has a 25% chance of inheriting the type O blood type. The mother has type A blood and the father has type B blood. Are these results possible? If so, what are the parents' genotypes?
What is yes - the mother's genotype would be IAi and the father's would be IBi?
500
Roan cattle display codominance. What would the probability be of a roan cow and a roan bull having red offspring? White offspring?
What is 25% for each?
500
Snapdragons exhibit incomplete dominance. Red snapdragons are homozygous and white snapdragons are homozygous. Heterozygous snapdragons on the other hand are pink. Carry out a genetic cross between a pink snapdragon and a white snapdragon. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes and the probability of having flowers with each phenotype?
What are RR' (pink - 50%) and R'R' (white-50%)