Alternative Dispute Resolutions
What does ADR stand for?
Alternative Dispute Resolution
What is the general purpose of damages in civil law?
Money awarded to compensate for harm/loss
What is a tort?
A civil wrong where one person causes harm to another person or their property/reputation
Civil law deals with disputes between individuals/organizations rather than what type of law?
Criminal
Two neighbours calmly agree to split the cost of fixing a broken fence without anyone helping them.
Negotiation
Name one reason ADR is often preferred over going to court.
Faster / cheaper / less stressful
Damages that cover specific proven losses like therapy costs and lost wages.
Special damages
The most common type of tort in Canadian civil law.
Negligence
What is the name for the person who starts the lawsuit?
Plaintiff
Two students meet with a guidance counsellor who helps them find a compromise, but the counsellor doesn’t decide.
Mediation
In this type of ADR, the two parties communicate directly and try to reach an agreement.
Negotiation
Damages that compensate for pain, suffering, and loss of enjoyment of life.
General damages
Tort where someone fails to act with reasonable care and causes harm.
What is the name for the person being sued?
Defendant
Two companies bring in a neutral expert who listens and makes the final decision.
Arbitration
This ADR method uses a neutral third party who helps both sides talk, but does NOT make the decision.
Mediation
Damages meant to punish malicious or especially harmful behaviour.
Punitive damages
Tort involving deliberate actions such as assault or defamation.
Intentional
Civil cases are decided using what standard of proof?
Balance of Probabilities
A driver runs a red light and causes an accident. What type of tort is this most likely?
Negligence
This ADR method uses a neutral third party who makes a binding decision (like a private judge).
Arbitration
Small damages awarded as a “moral victory” when a right was violated but little harm occurred.
Nominal damages
Tort that occurs when someone interferes with another person’s enjoyment of their property.
Nuisance
The legal document that starts a civil case by outlining the plaintiff’s claim.
Statement of Claim
A landlord posts an eviction notice publicly with personal info, causing embarrassment and distress. What damages apply?
Aggravated Damages