Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Control of the Cell Cycle
Cell Size & Reproduction
Stem cells
Random
100
This consists of G1, S, & G2, and is the longest main stage of a cell's life cycle
Interphase
100
During mitosis, the DNA condenses to form these, which are composed of 2 sister chromatids held together at a middle point called the centromere
Chromosomes
100
Disorder in which a cell can no longer regulate its cell cycle.
Cancer
100
A smaller cell has a _______________ surface area to volume ratio. This allows more efficiency in the cell.
greater
100
__________________________ is the process by which cells specialize in structure & function.
Differentiation
100
How many chromosomes are in human body (somatic) cells?
46
23 pairs
200
DNA replication occurs during this phase of Interphase.
S Phase
200
Anaphase
200
Cancer cells do not respond to normal signals to stop cell division. They also do not respond to signals that tell them to undergo programmed cell death... also called _________________.
apoptosis
200
this type of reproduction requires only one parent, and produces offspring that are exact genetic copies of the parent
Asexual reproduction
200
Embryonic stem cells are called _________________ because they can divide into ANY type of body cell.
pluripotent
200
During interphase, DNA is wrapped around special proteins & packaged loosely in the form of ______________________
chromatin
300
Mitosis & cytokinesis make up the two main parts of this phase in the cell cycle
M Phase (Cell Division)
300
This process, actually separate from mitosis, usually happens during telophase & results in the cytoplasm splitting into 2 distinct new daughter cells.
cytokinesis
300
cancer cells form large masses of cells called __________________.
tumors
300
This type of reproduction increases genetic diversity because two parents are involved.
Sexual reproduction
300
Adult stem cells are called __________________ because they can divide into a limited number of cell types, that are usually tissue-specific.
Multipotent
300
A substance that is known to cause cancer mutations (like certain chemicals & radiation) is known as a ________________________.
carcinogen
400
This is the longest phase of interphase, where the cell grows & synthesizes proteins & new organelles
G1
400
What is the correct order for the 4 stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
400
Regulatory proteins help control the cell cycle. One type, called a ___________ ____________ binds to receptors on the surface of the cell to signal it to speed up its cell cycle and divide.
Growth factor
400
name one advantage to asexual reproduction
FAST!
No finding a mate
400
Embryonic stem cells are taken from the inner cell mass of the _____________________.
Blastocyst
400
The first immortal human culture was taken from a cervical cancer tumor in 1951. What is the name of this famous cell line?
HeLa
500
A cell spends ______% of its life in interphase.
90%
500
The spindle fiber, which helps organize & separate chromosomes during mitosis, forms from this paired organelle
Centriole
500
The cell must meet certain requirements at specific ________________ in order to continue onto the nest phase of the cell cycle.
checkpoints
500
Name one reason why a cell cannot keep growing bigger & bigger.
1. Nutrients cannot get in
2. Wastes cannot get out
3. DNA gets overwhelmed!
500
This type of stem cell is created in the lab from taking a normal adult body cell, and reprogramming it into a cell that behaves like an embryonic stem cell.
Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC)
500
Why do cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often lose their hair?
Chemo drugs target rapidly dividing cells - like the stem cells in the hair follicle.