Vocabulary
What is an artery?
Muscles can only contract and relax (or stop contracting). They have to work together to perform certain motions- one contracts while the other relaxes, and vice versa. Every skeletal muscle has an antagonist. Examples include triceps/biceps and quadriceps/hamstrings
heart, blood, blood vessels
hemoglobin
What is a vein?
Order the following from superficial to deep: perimysium, endomysium, epimysium.
"epi" = on top
"endo" = inside
Which part of the heart receives blood from veins?
atrium (both left and right)
What is plasma?
Plasma is the part of the blood that carries macronutrients and other important chemicals.
What is a capillary?
a blood vessel that connects a small branch of artery to a small branch of vein
An otherwise healthy child broke their foot. After six weeks in a cast, it is difficult for them to move their foot despite the bone having adequate time to heal. What causes this and why?
What color are veins?
Veins are RED. They appear blue because the light has to travel through our skin twice to get to our eyes, which makes them appear blue.
Describe the different between red blood cells and white blood cells.
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and have a biconcave shape so that they can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with tissues. White blood cells fight foreign agents in the body and have a nucleus.
What are the components of blood?
plasma and cellular elements (cells and fragments of cells)
What type of muscle has branched cells, and what type has one nucleus per cell? Why are these distinctions important?
Cardiac muscle has branched cells, which allows each muscle cell to pass signals very quickly and is perfectly designed to pump blood throughout the body. Smooth muscle cells only have one nucleus because they are not as long and are not formed by multiple cells coming together.
Other than their function, how can you tell the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries are thicker while veins have one way valves. The blood pressure is high in the arteries and low in the veins.
What is differentiation?
the process of a cell becoming a cell that is specialized for certain jobs
Name and describe each of the three types of levers. Give an example of each type within the human body.
First class: fulcrum is between effort and load. Ex: muscles that tilt head back and forth
Second class: load is between effort and fulcrum. Ex: muscles that allow us to stand on tiptoes
Third class: effort is between fulcrum and load. Ex: (this is the most common) biceps
Explain the process of blood coming back into the heart after giving oxygen to tissues.
Blood comes into the heart in the right atrium. From there it goes to the right ventricle, to the lungs (to receive oxygen), into the left atrium, and then into the left ventricle where it is sent back out into the body.