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What is the largest desert in the world, found in Africa?
The Sahara
What are on either side of the savannas?
African deserts
What two products dominated trade in the Sahara?
gold and salt
Why was salt so valuable?
needed salt in diet, food preservation
surplus
more than necessary
What are cataracts?
waterfalls
What has spurred trade across Africa?
mineral wealth (salt, gold, iron, copper)
Why did Arab writers call Ghana?
the land of gold
How did Islam reach Ghana?
Muslim merchants
Sundiata
only surviving son of Mandika king
What did desertification prompt?
It prompted migration
What is Bantu?
a root language
Who were the Almoravids?
pious Muslims of North Africa
What impact did the Almoravids have on Ghana?
launched a campaign to take control of Ghana's trade routes
commodity
valuable product
Migrations that contributed to the rich diversity of cultures.
What types of skills were spread as a result of this migration?
Skills in farming, ironworking and domesticating animals
What is the origin of the word Mali, and what does it mean?
Arabic - where the king dwells
What is mansa?
king
Meroë
Nubian rulers capital
What allowed for contact between Egypt and Nubia?
trade
What ultimately happened to Carthage?
Romans burned Carthage to the ground.
What is the capital city of Songhai?
Gao
Sonni Ali
desertification
climate change slowly dried and land became parched