Cell Division
Before a cell divides, their DNA must be ______
replicated
The phases of mitosis, in order
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Programmed cell death is called
apoptosis
Provide two things that can increase your risk of getting cancer
smoking, drinking, overeating/obesity, tanning
An example of a human cell type that divides frequently
skin cells, cells in digestive tract
How would you know if a cell was in metaphase?
Chromatids are lined up in the middle of the cell
In asexual reproduction, the two resulting cells are genetically _____________.
identical
A tumor that stays in one place and does not spread to other tissues
Benign
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus
What is the name of the molecule that controls cell division?
Cyclin
What subphase of interphase does DNA replicate?
S-phase
What is the name of the type of reproduction performed by bacteria?
Binary fission
A treatment for cancer that targets rapidly dividing cells
Chemotherapy
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
How does cancer happen?
Uncontrollable cell growth due to defect in genes
Give two reasons or purposes as to why our cells divide in the human body.
1. to prevent cells from getting too large
2. for growth
3. for repair
Provide one benefit and one drawback of sexual reproduction.
Benefits: genetic variation, better chances of survival in changing conditions
Drawbacks: takes longer, takes more energy, need to find a mate
Sister chromatids (copies) are held together in the middle by this structure
centromere
After interphase, a human cell will have ___ chromatids.
92
When a cell is not preparing to divide, how is DNA packaged inside the nucleus?
As chromatin
How would you know if a cell was in prophase? Give two pieces of evidence.
-nucleus condenses
-spindle fibers forming
-chromosomes are visible
-nuclear envelope begins to disappear
Provide one benefit and one drawback of asexual reproduction.
Benefits: takes less time, takes less energy
Drawbacks: no genetic variation, not great for changing environments
This organelle produces spindle fibers and holds them in place during mitosis
centriole
Each cell has 6 feet of DNA. How is it condensed to fit in the nucleus? Fill in these blanks.
____ ---> _____ ---> ______ ---> _______
DNA to Nucleosomes to Chromatin to Chromosomes
Why do organisms choose to make more cells instead of just making their existing cells bigger? Give at least one reason.
1: The surface area does not grow as fast as the volume, leading to traffic issues.
2: Not enough DNA for larger cells