Understanding the Problem
What are the three components of a problem?
What are the initial state, goal state, and obstacles?
What is a general rule of thumb used to simplify problem-solving?
What is a heuristic?
What is the tendency to stick with a previous method even when a better one exists?
What is mental set?
What cognitive process goes beyond the given information to reach a goal?
What is thinking?
What strategy involves solving a problem by applying the solution of a similar, previous problem?
What is the analogy approach?
What term describes seeing an object only in terms of its typical use?
What is functional fixedness?
What study showed how negative thoughts can interfere with solving algebra problems?
What is Bransford and Stein (1984)?
What heuristic involves identifying the "ends" and then figuring out the "means" to reach them?
What is the means-end heuristic?
What kind of problem-solving involves a sudden realization or “Aha!” moment?
What is an insight problem?
Name one method used to represent problems effectively.
What is symbols, diagrams, matrices, graphs, or visual images?
What strategy involves always choosing the path that seems to bring you closest to your goal?
What is the hill-climbing heuristic?
What psychological threat can impair performance when a stereotype is made salient?
What is stereotype threat?
What type of cognition uses motor actions and body movement to solve problems?
What is embodied cognition?
What are problem isomorphs?
What are problems with the same structure and solution but different surface features?
What distinguishes an expert from a novice in terms of memory and strategies?
What are domain-specific memory skills and efficient problem-solving strategies?