Chap 12:What is?
Deductive Reasoning
Begin with some specific premises that are generally true, and you need to judge whether those premises allow you to draw a particular conclusion, based on the principle of logic.
People's tendencies to think that possible gains are different from possible losses.
Prospect Theory
Script
A simple, well-structured sequence of events, in a specified order, that is associated with a highly familiar activity.
Language Spoken to children, previously known as motherese.
Child-directed speech
Some vegetables have seeds. Some things that have seeds are fruits. Therefore, some vegetables are fruits. What kind of reasoning does this represent?
A syllogism
Antecedent
Refers to the first proposition or statement
People typically underestimate the amount of time (or money) required to complete a project; they also estimate that the task will be relatively easy to complete.
Planning Fallacy
Source Monitoring
Is the process of trying to identify the origin of a particular memory.
Using context to make a reasonable guess about a word's meaning after just one or two exposures.
Fast mapping
Suppose that you are given several pieces of information, and you must infer whether the logical consequence of that information is correct. The task you are performing is called______________
Deductive reasoning
Heuristic
A general strategy that usually works well.
When we make judgments based on the ease with which examples come to mind.
Availability heuristic
Prospective Memory
Remembering to do something in the future
Focuses on the social rules and world knowledge that allow speakers to successfully communicate messages to other people.
Pragmatics
Suppose that 6-year-old children and college students are given several memory tasks. Which task is likely to reveal the smallest differences between the two groups?
Recognition
Belief-bias effect
Occurs in reasoning when people make judgments based on prior beliefs and general knowledge, rather than on the rules of logic.
Describes the overconfidence that your own view is correct in a confrontational situation.
My-side bias
Dementia
A medical disorder that includes memory problems and other cognitive impairments.
A) The basic units of meaning, which include endings such as -s and -ed, as well as simple words such as run.
B) Is the study of these basic units of meaning.
A) Morphemes
B) Morphology
Air traffic controllers are required to retire at the age of 56. This is because of age-related declines in __________
Working memory
Hindsight bias
occurs when an event has happened, and we say that the event had been inevitable; we had actually "known it all along".
Is the range within which we expect a number to fall a certain percentage of the time.
Confidence interval
Phonemes
Smallest sound units in a language
Children learn a general rule for past-tense verbs, which specifies that they must add -ed; however, they also store in memory the past tenses for many irregular verbs.
Rule-and-memory theory
"Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of ___________
Overregularization