Farming methods
The type of agriculture practiced for thousands of years. A small-scale farming system where people grow food primarily for their own survival instead of selling it
What is Traditional subsistence agriculture?
Periods of major growth in agricultural technologies occurred between 1940 and the 1970s, and from the 90s till modern day. These periods saw the development of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation technology.
What are the first and second Green Revolutions?
A substance that causes cancer.
What is a carcinogen?
The degree to which a substance causes harm to organisms and the environment, as well as how long the substance lasts in the environment before dissolving.
The amount of a substance required to kill 50% of a test population. and the concentration of a substance required to produce an effect in 50% of a test population.
What are LD50 and EC50?
A process where food is grown and processed using natural methods and no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides are used
What is Organic agriculture?
Any organism that has had its DNA altered using laboratory engineering techniques to give it specific desirable genes
What are genetically modified organisms
A substance that causes changes/mutations in DNA.
What is a mutagen
A set of chemicals that interfere with the body's hormone systems by mimicking or blocking hormones.
What are Endocrine disruptors (and mimics)?
The process of identifying a hazardous substance and evaluating the likelihood and severity of harm.
What is Risk Analysis
The breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments.
What is Aquaculture/fish farming
chemicals designed to kill and control pests. The first generation used toxic and organic chemicals, while the second generation used synthetic organic chemicals and are designed to be more effective and potent
What are first & Second generation pesticides?
A substance that causes birth defects.
What is a teratogen?
A group of forever chemicals that have been used since the 1940s for their non-stick and stain-resistant properties. They accumulate in the body and cause health issues
What are PFAS (Polyfluoroalkyl Substances)?
A graph that shows the relationship between the size of a dose of a substance and the effect it has.
What is the dose-Response Curve?
The practice of growing one single crop over a large amount of land. contrasted to the practice of growing multiple diverse crops together
What is Monoculture vs. Polyculture
an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices to minimize risks
What is I.P.M. - Integrated Pest Management
Salmonella
Influenza virus
Tapeworm
What are bacterial pathogens
Viral Pathogens
Parasitic pathogens?
A chemical commonly used in plastics and resins, such as food containers and plastic bottles, that can mimic hormones and disrupt the endocrine system.
What is BPA (Bisphenol A)
The idea that if a substance or action is potentially harmful, precautionary steps should be taken to prevent it, even if it's not scientifically confirmed.
What is the Precautionary Principle
a modern, large-scale farming system designed to maximize crop and livestock yields in limited space
What is Industrialized agriculture/high-input agriculture?
Large-scale industrial agricultural facilities, which have over a thousand animal units. They meet high demand for meat and poultry, but are criticized for environmental pollution and animal welfare
What is a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
health conditions in which
Excessive nutrient and calorie intake leads to health problems such as obesity and heart disease.
A condition resulting from an unbalanced diet — either too little or too much of certain nutrients.
Insufficient intake of calories or essential nutrients leads to stunted growth, weakness, or disease.
What are overnutrition, malnutrition, and undernutrition
A group of Industrial chemicals once used to make electrical equipment. Known for being persistent, bioaccumulative, and linked to cancer and endocrine disruption.
What are PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
Methods used to prevent soil erosion and degradation, methods include contour plowing, terracing, cover crops, no-till farming
What are soil conservation strategies?