Liking & Loving
Positive feelings toward another person
Interpersonal attraction
Inferences people draw about the cause of events, others’ behavior, and their own behavior
Attributions
A group that one belongs to and identifies with
Ingroup
Attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe
Explicit attitudes
Unspoken rules that govern how people interact with each other
Social norms
Liking those who show that they like us
Reciprocity
Ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings
Internal attributions
A group that one does not belong to or identify with
Outgroup
Covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle automatic responses over which one has little conscious control
Implicit attitudes
When people yield to real or imagined social pressure
Conformity
Emotional love that is mostly expressed in a physical manner; complete absorption, sexual desires, intense emotions, excitement
Passionate love
Ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints
External attributions
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
Stereotypes
In this route of persuasion, a person thinks carefully about a communication and is influenced by the strength of the arguments
Central route of persuasion
Form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
Obedience
Warm, trusting, tolerant, enduring love and affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one’s one
Companionate love
Observers’ bias in favor of internal attributions, and underestimating situational factors, in explaining others’ behavior
Fundamental attribution error
The process of forming an impression of others
Person perception
When members of a cohesive group emphasizes concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
Groupthink
People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
Bystander effect
Males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners
Matching hypothesis
The tendency to attribute one’s success to personal factors and one’s failures to situational factors
Self-serving bias
When we mistakenly overemphasize one outcome and ignore others
Illusory correlation
Exists when related attitudes or beliefs are inconsistent; they contradict each other
Cognitive dissonance
Reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves
Social loafing