CNS
What parts make up the CNS
Brain and Spinal cord
What causes axons to be myelinated in the PNS?
Neurolemmocytes or Schwann cells
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
An autoimmune disease that affects CNS myelination
Passive transport
What are the 4 glial cells of the CNS and what do they do?
Oligodendrocytes mylinate, astrocytes help form the BBB, microglia are phagocytic, and Ependymal cells release CSF
What are nodes of Ranvier and what do they do?
Spaces between myelin sheathes that help to make conduction of an AP faster
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
A disease in the PNS that causes paralysis through flu-like symptoms
What are the four segments of a neuron?
Receptive, Initial, Conductive, and transmissive
What is white vs gray matter? Where can each be found?
White matter shows mylination and is on the inside of the brain while gray matter is on the outside of the brain.
What are the two glial cells of the PNS and what do they do?
Schwannn cells or neurolemmocytes myelinate axons in the PNS and and Satellite cells regulate material exchange
What is needed for a nerve fiber to heal?
An intact cell body and a good chunk of a neurolemmacyte
What is the difference between absolute and relative refractory periods?
During an absolute refractory period there will not be another AP no matter what while in a relative a suprathreshold could start an AP
What is the difference between spatial and temporal summation?
Spatial summation is when multiple presynaptic neurons send signals to one postsynaptic neuron at the same time while temporal happens when one presynaptic neuron sends multiple signals in rapid succession
How many pairs of nerves make up the PNS?
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
What are neuropeptides?
3-40 Peptide bonds that help with pain control
What are the three types of channels found on a neuron?
Leakage, Chemically gated, and voltage-gated
Explain how the central nervous system integrates sensory information and produces a coordinated motor response.
The CNS processes sensory input through interneurons and sends motor commands via motor neurons to create a response
What causes depolarization and repolarization? Also does it take place in the CNS or PNS?
Na and K moving in and out of a cell. It takes place in both systems
What are four diseases that mess with axonal transport?
Tetanus, Varicella, Rabies, Polio
What is the number for resting membrane potential and how many of Na and K are involved in which directions?
When there is more negatively charged ions inside a cell. 3 Na+ go out 2 K+ go in the cell.