Foundations and Approaches
What perspective asserts that behavior is primarily determined by internal factors such as personality traits and temperament?
Dispositionism
What psychological discomfort arises from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions?
Cognitive Dissonance
What famous 1950s experiments demonstrated the power of visual conformity when participants chose obviously incorrect line lengths?
The Asch Conformity Experiments
What term refers to a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on their membership in a particular social group?
Prejudice
What type of aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain (rather than to achieve a specific goal)?
Hostile Aggression
What attribution error occurs when people overemphasize internal traits and underestimate situational factors for others' behavior?
The Fundamental Attribution Error
What route to persuasion focuses on factual data, logical arguments, and deep cognitive processing of product details?
The Central Route to Persuasion
What famous experiment tested obedience to authority by asking participants to deliver increasingly severe, mock electric shocks to a learner?
The Milgram Experiment
What term refers to a specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics?
A Stereotype
What social phenomenon occurs when a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim because they assume someone else will intervene?
The Bystander Effect (or Diffusion of Responsibility)
What ideological belief asserts that people get the outcomes they deserve in life, which often leads to blaming victims?
The Just-World Hypothesis
What persuasion technique involves getting a person to agree to a minor request first, making them more likely to agree to a larger request later?
The Foot-in-the-door Technique
What phenomenon occurs when group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus, stifling critical thinking?
Groupthink
What cognitive bias involves seeking out information that supports our existing stereotypes while ignoring information that contradicts them?
Confirmation Bias
What triarchic theory breaks love down into three distinct components: intimacy, passion, and commitment?
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
What tendency leads individuals to take credit for positive outcomes but blame situational factors for failure?
The Self-Serving Bias
What route to persuasion relies on superficial cues like celebrity endorsements, attractive visuals, and emotional associations rather than facts?
The Peripheral Route to Persuasion
What term describes the exertion of less effort by a person working together in a group because their individual performance cannot be evaluated separately?
Social Loafing
What process occurs when a person holds a stereotype about someone, treats them accordingly, and causes that person to behave in a way that confirms the original stereotype?
A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
What social economic model suggests that we act as naive economists, keeping track of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship?
Social Exchange Theory
What infamous 1971 study demonstrated how quickly ordinary students fell into abusive behavioral dynamics when randomly assigned as guards or prisoners?
The Stanford Prison Experiment
What term describes a change in a person's behavior to go along with a request or demand made by another person or authority figure?
Compliance
What concept describes the strengthening of an original group attitude after the group discusses views within themselves?
Group Polarization
What bias describes the preference for or tendency to respond more positively to people who belong to our own group compared to outsiders?
In-group Bias
What primary factor of attraction simply states that you are more likely to form relationships with people you see and interact with frequently?
Proximity (or Propinquity)