Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Characteristics
Gas Pressure Conversions and Calculations
Partial Pressures and AKE
Gas Law Relationships and Calculations
Solutions and Solubility
Solutions and Solubility Pt. 2
Molarity and Molality Calculations
100
An empty space with no gas particles or pressure is called a ____________.
Vacuum
100
What is the SI unit for pressure?
Pascals (Pa)
100
What does dalton's law state?
The sum of partial pressures of a mixture is equal to the total pressure in the container.
100
If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container?
The pressure increases
100
A __________ is the substance being dissolved and the __________ is doing the dissolving.
Solute; solvent
100
Describe a saturated solution.
A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature
100
Formula for molarity?
M = mol/L
200
What is the name of the device used to measure atmospheric pressure
A barometer
200
What are the conditions of STP and what does STP stand for?
****Must get both parts for points
0°C and 1 atm
Standard temperature and pressure
200
Describe the relationship between the average kinetic energy of a gas particle and the temperature of its container.
When the temperature increases, the AKE of the gas particle increases and vice versa. They are directly proportional.
200
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
The temperature increases
200
When two liquids can dissolve in each other, what do we call them?
Miscible liquids
200
What happens to the solubility of a gas at high temperatures?
What about solids? +100
Decreases the solubility of the gas
Increases the solubility of the solid
200
Formula for molality?
m = mol/ kg
300
Describe a gas in terms of volume, shape, and how its particles take up space.
Gases do not have a definite volume or definite shape. They take the shape and volume of their container and are easily compressible substances. The particles of a gas are spread far apart and free floating.
300
What is the conversion factor comparing atms, mm Hg, and kPa?
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa
300
List the characteristics of a gas that affects partial pressure.
*****Must get all of them for points
Number of moles
Temperature
Size of the container
300
Write all 5 gas law formulas and label which formula belongs to which law.
Labeled on the board.
300
What is the term for the process in which solvent particles surround solute particles to form a solution?
Solvation
300
What does Henry's law state?
States that at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.
300
What is the volume of an 5.0M solution containing 11.2 moles of KCl dissolved in a solution?
2.2 L
400
Describe how pressure is built up in a container in terms of gas particles.
Pressure is caused by the number of collisions gas particles have with the walls of the container.
400
Convert 1.5 atmospheres to kPa.
150 kPa.
400
A mixture of gases contain oxygen, nitrogen, and argon. The partial pressures of oxygen (O₂) and nitrogen (N₂) are 200.0 kPa, and 150 kPa, respectivel. What is the partial pressure of argon (Ar), in atm, if the total pressure of the gas mixture is 500.0 kPa?
1.5 atm
400
A sealed steel gas tank contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of 2.00 atm and a temperature of 300 K. If the tank is heated to a temperature of 450 K, what will be the new pressure of the gas (assuming the volume remains constant)?
3.0 atm
400
Name 3 characteristics that can increase the rate in which a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Temperature, agitation, surface area
400
What is a seed crystal?
A particle of solute added to a supersaturated solution to help begin or speed up crystallization.
400
How many grams of NaOH must be dissolved into 0.9 kg of water to create a solution with a molality of 4.63 mol/ kg?
167 or 200 g of NaOH
500
State the main points of the kinetic molecular theory.
Gases are made up of small, hard spherical particles that travel at a rapid and constant speed in linear paths. They take up a very small amount of space and do not have any intermolecular forces affecting them. Collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic.
500
How many mm Hg are in 400 kPa?
3000 mm Hg
500
A mixture of 10.5% H₂, 51.7% O₂, and 37.8% CO₂ has a total pressure of 5.2 atm. What is the partial pressure of each of the gases?
0.55 atm H2
2.7 atm O2
2.0 atm CO2
500
A sample of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) occupies 3.50 L at a pressure of 416 kPa and a temperature of 25ºC. How many moles of CO₂ are present in the container?
0.59 moles
500
Determine if CH3OH is soluble in water. Explain how you determined that.
******Must answer both parts for points
Yes, it is soluble. This can be determined by determining the polarity of the compound. Since it is polar and like dissolves like, water can dissolve this compound.
500
If a large amount of solute is added to a solution, how can we describe that solution?
Concentrated
500
A solution is made by dissolving 350.0 g of Mg3(PO4)2 in 4500 g of water. What is the molality of the solution?
0.30 m