These people developed the double-helix model of the structure of DNA
Who are Watson and Crick
100
This is made up of a phosphate, a nitrogen base (A,T,G,C), and a 5 carbon sugar
What is DNA?
100
This type of RNA carries the copies of DNA to the rest of the cell.
What is mRNA?
100
In translation, what is being made when translation is over
What is a protein?
100
This is used to make many copies of a small amount of DNA
What is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
200
This scientist studied the DNA molecule using a technique called X-ray diffraction.
Who is Franklin?
200
These are held together by hydrogen bonds
What are nitrogen bases
200
This enzyme binds to the DNA and separates the DNA strands to make a strand of RNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
200
This is on the mRNA that causes the polypeptide chain to stop growing.
What is a stop codon?
200
This is a way to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size
What is Gel electrophoresis?
300
The scientist or scientists who separated the DNA from the protein and added one of them at a time to the noninfectious strain of pneumonia
Who is Avery?
300
This has a amino acid and an anti-codon on it.
What is a Transfer RNA (tRNA)
300
In transcription, the the enzyme will only bind to these regions of the DNA
What are promoters?
300
This type of mutation may change every amino acid that follows the point of the mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
300
This involves a DNA sample being copied by PCR.
DNA being cut into fragments by using restriction enzymes.
Separating fragments of DNA by gel electrophoresis and comparing the DNA for a “match”
What is DNA fingerprinting?
400
This scientist or scientists used radioactive labeling to trace the DNA and protein as the bacteriophages infected bacteria and reproduced
Who are Hershey and Chase
400
These are a sequence of nucleotides that are not responsible for coding proteins
What are introns?
400
This is the sequence of RNA that actually codes for proteins
What are exons?
400
This type of mutation usually affect no more than a single amino acid.
What is a substitution?
400
These are organisms altered by genetic engineering.
What are transgenic organisms?
500
This scientist or scientists showed that something “transformed” the R strain of pneumonia into a deadly strain
Who is Griffith
500
These genes control the differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo.
What are hox genes?
500
This is three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid
What is a codon?
500
These are changes in the genetic material. The word comes from a Latin word meaning "to change".
What are mutations?
500
The duplication of an animal from the genetic material found in a cell of an animal. The animals do not always have the same phenotypic expression.