Groups & Social Influence
What is Ingroup favoritism?
Tendency to favor one’s ingroup, such as doing more favors, being more forgiving, etc
What are Implicit attitudes?
These attitudes influence feelings and behavior at an unconscious level.
What is the Solomon Asch’s Line Judgment Study?
The 1951 study using line judgments where participants sometimes conformed to the incorrect choice of confederates due to normative influence.
What is a Personality Trait?
A pattern of thoughts, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations.
What is an External locus of control?
The belief that rewards are a result of forces outside of one’s control.
What is Groupthink?
a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group
What is the Fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to default to personal attribution rather than situational attribution when explaining others' behavior.
What is Milgram’s Shock Administration Experiment (or Obedience experiment)?
The experiment involving participants administering fake electrical shocks to a "learner".
What is Temperament?
The biological tendency, evident in infancy, characterized by activity level, emotionality, and sociability.
What is the What is beautiful is good stereotype?
This stereotype suggests that attractive people are inherently more gifted, intelligent, and less deviant, obtaining more opportunities as a result.
What is Normative social influence?
This type of social influence is based on the desire to avoid disapproval
What is the Foot-in-the-door technique?
This compliance technique suggests that being given a small request first makes you more likely to comply with a later, larger request.
What is Social Facilitation Theory (or Zajonc’s Theory of Mere Presence)?
This effect predicts that the mere presence of others facilitates performance on simple tasks but hinders performance on difficult or novel tasks.
What is Unconditional Positive Regard?
This humanistic concept, proposed by Carl Rogers, means parents accept and love their kids no matter how the children behave, separating the behavior from the child.
What is Machiavellianism?
The three components of the Dark Triad, including Narcissism, are Psychopathy and this concept, defined by a lack of concern for morality and manipulativeness.
What is Deindividuation?
The reduced sense of individual identity and diminished self-regulation that can come over people in a large group, potentially leading to increased impulsivity.
What is the Central Route?
This route of persuasion involves thinking carefully about a message's logic and strength of arguments.
What is the Minimal Groups Paradigm?
This finding in the Minimal Groups Paradigm showed that participants favored ingroup members even when groups were created based on arbitrary criteria.
What is the Five- Factor Theory (or The Big Five)?
This trait theory identifies five basic personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
What is Passionate love?
This type of love is a state of intense longing and sexual desire that typically fades over time.
What is Group polarization (or the Risky-shift effect)?
group decisions’ tendency to be more extreme than those made by individuals
What is Cognitive dissonance?
A sense of discomfort arising from two conflicting thoughts or a conflicting thought and behavior, which people are motivated to resolve.
What is Altruism?
The prosocial behavior that is done without the expectation of reward.
What is Interactionism?
The theory that personality is determined by the interaction between personal traits/dispositions and situational factors.
What are Situations?
In a healthy attributional style for relationships, good outcomes are attributed to each other and bad outcomes are attributed to this.