IVC
Large landmass that is set apart from the rest of the continent
Subcontinent
collection of hundreds of sacred hymns
Veda
What is the Hindu equivalent of Buddhism's Nirvana?
(Hint: Those who reach nirvana are at peace with themselves and are freed from having to go through reincarnation)
Moksha
(Hint: When this happens, a person’s soul becomes one with Brahman. This means that a person will no longer reincarnate and their soul will live in eternal joy.)
What is Enlightenment?
Enlightenment - a state of perfect wisdom
Definition: the rebirth of a soul into a new body
reincarnation
The main river and all of the other rivers and streams that drain into it
River system
How did the castes/varnas shape the lives of their members?
Answer: jobs, social standing, respect, how they're treated
Note: Members of different castes do not usually mix socially; Inherited from parents and fixed for entire life.
What are the two definitions for the word Brahman?
Brahman: There is one supreme cosmic consciousness, spiritual force, or God known as Brahman
Brahman: Every person is born with a soul, that is also a form of Brahman
What did they call the religious communities where Buddhist monks could study and meditate.
monasteries
What is the difference between Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism?
Theravada Buddhism focused on Buddha's wisdom
Mahayana Buddhism focused on Buddha's compassion
seasonal winds that blow from land → sea in the winter (little rainfall)
and from sea → land in the summer (large amounts of rainfall)
Monsoon
What do the Vedas teach about Aryan culture?
Gave insight into the religion of the Aryan people but also into the people themselves.
They are the best source for information on what life was like at the time.
What about Hinduism helped it spread to Southeast Asia?
(+100 for all three answers)
Flexibility
Freedom of practice
Migration
Why do Buddhists try to follow the Eightfold Path?
To reach enlightenment
How did ancient farmers use the water of the Indus river system to help grow crops?
Irrigation canals - trenches dug into the ground to redirect and more reliably supply water to farms
Places to house surplus grain so that it would not rot/spoil
Granary
Who were the Aryans?
Nomadic herders turned farmers
Raised cattle, goats, horses and sheep
Cattle held special importance
Provided food and clothing
Measured wealth by the size of their herd
Skilled warriors
How did the Upanishads and the Hindu epic poems contribute to the growth of Hinduism from Brahmanism?
They dealt with questions of life and death and right and wrong, and connected the emerging Hindu religion with the people and their lives
Indians of all castes could study and interpret the Upanishads
Why did Siddhartha Gautama decide to give up his life of luxury?
He saw a wandering holy man who was homeless and owned nothing, but who seemed to be content with his life. Siddhartha decided to dedicate his life to finding that same sense of peace the holy man showed.
What were some advanced features of the Indus Valley civilization? (at least 3)
Infrastructure
Mathematics
Writing
Sewer System
Weight System- helped in trade
fortified (well protected and defended) area - found in IVC ruins and assumed to be used for gov and/or religion but their exact purpose is still unknown
Citadel
What are the 5 varnas in the Caste System (in order from top to bottom)?
Brahmin
Kshatriya
Vaishya
Sudra
Dalit
How do Hindus try to achieve moksha?(3 answers)
The Way of Knowledge (Jnana Yoga)
The Way of Works (Karma Yoga)
The Way of Devotion (Bhakti Yoga)
How did Buddhism spread?
Buddha encouraged his followers to be missionaries and spread their religion to all corners of the earth.
Why do archaeologists know so little about the government or religion of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Undeciphered Script: Thousands of seals and inscriptions exist, but they cannot be read.
Lack of obvious political/religious structures
Environmental Factors have destroyed many sites and artifacts