Show:
DNA STRUCTURE
DNA REPLICATION
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
MUTATIONS
GENE TECHNOLOGY
100
What does a DNA molecule look like?
A DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder.
100
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process of a DNA molecule making a copy of itself.
100
Define “protein synthesis.”
Protein synthesis is the production of proteins in the cell.
100
Define “mutation.”
A mutation is a change in the hereditary material of an organism.
100
Define “selective breeding.”
Selective breeding is the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generation.
200
What is the shape of the DNA molecule called?
The DNA shape is called a double helix.
200
When in the cell cycle does DNA replication happen?
DNA replication happens before mitosis, during the end of interphase.
200
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made of long chains of molecules called amino acids.
200
Explain what happens in a gene mutation.
A gene mutation is when there is a change in one of the bases in the sequence along a gene.
200
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the process of transferring genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism.
300
What are the sides (outside edges) of the DNA ladder made of?
The sides of DNA are made of sugar molecules alternating with phosphate molecules.
300
What is the result of DNA replication?
The result is one DNA molecule becoming two daughter molecules, each an exact copy of the parent molecule.
300
What does the order of base pairs do?
The order of base pairs forms a code that tells a cell which protein to make.
300
Explain what happens in a chromosome mutation.
A chromosome mutation is when there is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes.
300
What is DNA fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting is the process of producing an image of patterns from someone’s DNA.
400
What are the rungs of the DNA molecule made of?
The rungs of the DNA molecule are made of chemical building blocks called bases.
400
How does DNA replication begin?
DNA replication begins with the partial unwinding of the double helix; the base pairs begin to separate.
400
What does mRNA do?
Messenger RNA carries the codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
400
Define “genetic disorder” and give an example
A genetic disorder is an abnormal condition that an organism inherits from its parents. Examples: cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell anemia.
400
List some ways that DNA fingerprints can be used.
DNA fingerprints can be used to identify suspects in a crime, and to identify relationships among children and their parents.
500
What are the four bases in DNA, and which ones always make pairs?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine always pairs with thymine, and cytosine always pairs with guanine.
500
What is each daughter molecule made of?
Each daughter molecule is made of one original strand and one new strand.
500
What does tRNA do?
Transfer RNA decodes (translates) the code for an amino acid and brings the correct amino acid to be linked to the protein chain.
500
What is the cause of Down’s Syndrome?
Down’s Syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
500
What is the HUMAN genome project?
The human genome project is the mapping of the hereditary material in a single cell of a human being.