Women's Language and Confidence
What country are men considered more polite speakers than women?
Madagascar
In cross- gender interactions almost all interruptions were from who?
Males
Early research treated gender as "given" and classified every person as either what?
Male or Female
What is the "norm" of sexuality according to the discourse of gender?
Heterosexuality
Feminists
What are Hedging Devices?
A word or phrase used to weaken or soften the force of an utterance.
What is the best assortment/ratio of "shouters" to "listeners"?
3 shouters to 5 listeners
What are the two contexts when approaching gender identity?
Masculine and Feminine
How do heterosexual or cisgender people signal their sexuality when constructing themselves?
They construct themselves as "feminine" or "masculine"
What are the different types of stereotypes? and which focuses on women more?
Positive and Negative
negative is more focused on women
What are Boosting Devices?
A word or phrase used to strengthen the force of an utterance.
In conversational feedback who tends to give more encouraging feedback than their partner?
Women
What is an example of a women adapting to a masculine context?
Women in the police force.
What is an example of "Camp talk"?
Mixing registers- referring to males as she
What are the two different types of imagery when giving adjectives towards women and men?
Animal Imagery and Food Imagery
What are the four tags associated with Politeness?
Facilitative, Softening, Confrontational, and Expressing Uncertainty
What could be a reason men and women sometimes miscommunicate?
Gossip. It is possible that for men mock-insults and abuse serve the same functions –expressing solidarity and maintaining social relationships- as compliments and agreeing comments do for women.
What is an example of a male adapting to a feminine context?
A man working in a clothing store or hairdresser salon.
What are the different ways of intimate talk?
referring to each other as animals, baby talk, "women's language", to convey powerlessness
What is English Morphology? Give 2 examples
takes the male form as the base form and adds a suffix to signal "female"
What is one reason women tend to use more positive politeness devices in their speech?
1. expressing solidarity
2. showing consideration for the addressee
What's the difference between women gossip and male gossip?
Women: personal experiences and personal relationships, and on personal problems and feelings.
Men: focus on things and activities- Topics like sports, cars and possessions.
What are some stereotypical adjectives/ways to describe a daughter vs a son?
Daughter: Sweet, little, cute, innocent
Son: Crazy, animal like, immature
When describing oneself online or looking at another persons profile what does a woman look for vs a man?
Women look for economic security like a wealthy man vs a man looks for a physical attractiveness in a women
What has been one of the most widespread solutions to sexist language?
The generic "they" form when speaking about anyone because it is gender- neutral