INFO OF CHAPTER 12
MISINFORMATION EFFECT
The majority of participants failed to detect the alteration in their own reports
Many participants incorporated the misinformation into their memory report in a final memory test
COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
a technique used to provide insight into learners' perceptions in which individuals are invited to verbalize thoughts and feelings as they examine information
VERBAL OVERSHADOWING
–Hearing or giving a verbal description of a face makes remembering visual features more difficult
SUGGESTIBILITY
The tendency to incorporate information from sources other than the original witnessed event, such as:
other people - written materials -or pictures
SUGGESTIBILITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Older adults are more susceptible to a host of memory illusions caused by:
Suggestive statements
Misattribution of source
Associative meaning
OWN RACE BIAS
People are, by and large, better at recognizing faces from their own “race” than from other racial groups
EXPLANATIONS FOR MISINFORMATION EFFECT
1.Trace impairment view
2.Coexistence hypothesis
MISINFORMATION IN OLDER ADULTS
–Older participants showed a bigger misinformation effect than did younger participants
EYEWITNESS MEMORY
•Memory for the events that transpire in a single event
WHAT DOES RESEARCH SAY ON CHILDRENS EYE WITNESS MEMORY
Young children are highly suggestible and prone to false memories
VERBAL FACILITATION
–Hearing or giving a verbal description of a face makes remembering visual features easier
Simultaneous line up
Sees several faces to pick from at the same time
Leichtman and Ceci (1995)
–The false memory rate in the control condition was practically zero
–In the stereotype condition, however, the false memory rate increased to about 20% for younger children and about 10% for older children in the study
–The false memory rate was even higher in the suggestibility condition
40% of the 3 and 4 year olds reported seeing Sam Stone rip a book apart (something the actual Sam Stone had not done)
FLVSH ET AL - MEMORY AND STRESS CHILDREN EPISODIC MEMORY
High stress caused by extensive damage may have interfered with children’s ability to accurately encode events
Best memory performance = moderate-stress condition
Sees several faces to pick form one at a time