Neural Anatomy
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals
dendrites (slide 3)
Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord are this structure type
multipolar neurons (slide 5)
These glial cells line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal cells (slide 7)
Myelin's main function is to increase the ____ of nerve impulse conduction.
speed (slide 8)
The pathway that produces a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.
Reflex arc (slide 10)
The area where a nerve impulse is generated
axon hillock / initial segment (slide 3)
sensory neurons in the retina are this structural type
bipolar neurons (slide 5)
Star-shaped cells that regulate the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
astrocytes (slide 7)
The outermost layer of a Schwann cells that assists in regeneration is called ____.
Neurilemma (slide 8)
The simplest reflex with only one synapse between sensory and motor neurons
monosynaptic reflex (slide 11)
These structures, found in the soma, are rough ER used for protein synthesis
Nissl bodies AKA chromatophillic substance (slide 3)
Neurons with a single process that divides into peripheral and central branches
unipolar neurons AKA pseudounipolar neurons (slide 5)
Immune defense cells of the CNS
microglia (slide 7)
Which system can regenerate axons more effectively; CNS or PNS?
PNS (slide 13)
A reflex involving one or more interneurons
polysynaptic reflex (slide 11)
The gaps between myelinated segments on axon are called ______.
Nodes of Ranvier (slide 3)
Neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS are called ______.
sensory neurons AKA afferent neurons (slide 6)
Cells that form the myelin sheaths in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes (slides 7-8)
These cells form regeneration tubes that guide axon growth.
Schwann cells (slide 13)
This type of neural circuit amplifies a signal by spreading it to multiple outputs.
diverging circuit
Neurotransmitters are released from which part of the neuron?
Axon terminals AKA synaptic end bulbs (slides 3-4)
These neurons process information within the CNS and make up most of the brain
interneurons AKA association neurons (slide 6)
Two glial cells found in the PNS are ____ and ____.
Schwann cells and satellite cells (slide 8)
In the CNS, this disease destroys myelin sheaths, leading to muscle weakness and vision loss.
MUltiple Sclerosis (MS) - (slide 12)
Which circuit type allows rhythmic activities like breathing or walking?
reverberating circuit (slide 11)