Before the Revolution
How were people getting discriminated against before the French Revolution?
The Third Estate was the largest group made up of the middle and lower class, and they paid almost all the taxes, they had less property, and only got one vote in the Estates General.
What was the Estates General?
An assembly composed of all three estates in pre-Revolutionary France; the only political body in France with the authority to reform the tax system
What event officially started the French Revolution?
The storming of the Bastille
Name three ways that Napoleon helped France while he was its dictator.
He signed peace treaties with Britain, began many public works projects, founded the Bank of France and brought economic reform, set up public education, and organized the law into one law code
Name one country in Europe that was able to gain independence and one country that was not able to during this time.
Greece and Belgium has success; Poland and Hungary did not.
What did the Enlightenment promote? (Hint: _____ without _____)
Freedom without responsibility and accountability
What was the National Assembly?
Members of the Third Estate who convened and signed the Tennis Court Oath and the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Who was king during the French Revolution?
King Louis XVI
Name three things that allowed Napoleon to seize power and become the dictator of France.
He was a military general; he overthrew the unpopular directory; there was no strong government or leadership; France was in chaos; he became one of the Three Consuls; he had the support of the people; etc.
Who was the main person to unify Germany?
Count Otto von Bismarck
Name one of the three main problems going on in France that led to the French Revolution.
Political incompetence, social discrimination, economic collapse
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Which document did the Third Estate sign before the French Revolution started that demanded a constitutional monarchy?
The Tennis Court Oath
What stirred the European countries to form an alliance against Napoleon?
Nationalism
Why were some European countries about to achieve independence while others were not?
Some of the countries had allies which helped them gain independence, while others did not, or their allies were not strong enough
Name 2 of the three main ideas of the Enlightenment.
Equality, civil liberties, and religious freedom
What was the Committee of Public Safety, and when did it rule over France?
It was a committee to manage the government that soon gain absolute authority during the French Revolution, and it ruled during the revolution.
What was the Reign of Terror, and which government group ruled while it happened?
A period of mass executions under the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution.
Why was it so important that Napoleon build up France during his reign?
France had just gone through a civil war (and a war with Austria) and needed to be repaired and strengthened.
Under whose rule did all of Italy unite?
Victor Emmanuel III
Who was the most famous writer of the Enlightenment who also influenced the French Revolution?
Voltaire
What was the Directory, and who overthrew it?
It was a five-man committee that formed the new government of France after the Reign of Terror.
Where did the French nobles flee to during the Revolution, and how did that country respond when France demanded that they return the fugitives?
Austria, and they refused to send the French fugitives back to France
What happened when Napoleon was defeated at Leipzig, Germany?
He was forced into exile, escaped the exile and returned to France to raise another army, and was then later finally defeated at Waterloo, Belgium.
Name two of the three main people who helped to unify Italy.
Mazzini, Cavour, and/or Garibaldi