Important Terms
This is when children play next to, but not with, one another.
What is parallel play?
This is a research technique to assess children's social status within the peer group.
What is sociometry?
This is the specific type of understanding in which children understand that different people like and want different things.
What is diverse desires?
This is the hallmark of preschool peer interaction.
These are groups based on similarities (e.g., interests, activities) but the members do not necessarily interact or spend time together.
What are crowds?
This is the extent to which a child is affected by peer rejection.
What is rejection sensitivity?
This is when we use cognitive processes to understand our social world.
What is social cognition?
When a child starts doing this around 4 years old, it is a sign they have a theory of mind.
What is lying?
This is a physical type of play that looks like fighting and wrestling but the goal is having fun, not injury.
This can be verbal, emotional, or physical and is described repeated negative actions by peers.
What is bullying?
This is an approach for teaching that wants a child to discover new information and understanding for themselves.
What is discovery learning?
This is the inability to understand other people's thoughts.
What is mindblindness?
This is the specific type of understanding that someone else may believe something that the child knows is not true.
What is a false belief?
This is the level of play in which children watch others play.
What is onlooker behavior?
This is the impact that peers have on others and makes peers more like one another.
What is peer influence?
This is a one-sided romantic relationship with an idolized figure, like a celebrity.
What is a parasocial romantic relationship?
This is a form of therapy (particular to this chapter) to help children work through difficult feelings with the help of an adult.
What is play therapy?
This is when a child may interpret the behavior of others as intentionally aggressive rather than benign.
What is hostile attribution bias?
This is the type of play in which children learn in an environment designed by an adult and the adult helps scaffold the child's learning.
What is guided play?
This, which was described by Olweus, shows that bullying does not just involve the bully and victim.
What is the bullying circle?
This is the physical activity of an infant that don't originally have a purpose, such as kicking and waving their hands.
What is rhythmic stereotypies?
This is a small group of friends who spend time together and develop close relationships.
What are cliques?
This is the ability to think about other people thinking about your thinking.
What is recursive thinking?
These are the four types of play according to Piaget and Smilansky.
What are practice play, constructive play, symbolic/sociodramatic play, and games with rules?
Name three of the five social statuses in peer nominations.
What are popular children, rejected children, controversial children, neglected children, and average children?