Conditional reasoning
The fallacy that means that you say the "then" part of your sentence is true
Affirming the consequent
We judge that a sample is likely if it is similar to the population from which this sample was selected
Representative heuristic
Paying too little attention to important information about base rate
Base-rate fallacy
Basic units of meaning in language
Morphemes
Assessing information and choosing among two or more alternatives
decision making
The fallacy that means you say that the "if" part of your sentence is false
Denying the antecedent
After an event happens, we say it was inevitable/obvious from the start ("knew it all along")
Hindsight bias
When people assume that a small sample will be representative of the population from which its selected
small-sample fallacy
The approach that distinguishes between 2 types of cognitive processes (Type 1 and 2)
Dual Process Theory
Going beyond the information given to reach a goal such as a solution, decision or belief
Thinking
When you say the "if" part of the sentence is true
Affirming the antecedent
When the outcome of your decision is influenced by
(a) the background content of the choice
(b) the way the question is worded
Framing effect
They judge the probability of the conjunction of two events to be greater than the probability of either constituent event
Conjunction fallacy
The social rules and world knowledge that allows speakers to successfully communicate messages to other people
Pragmatics
Intentional, goal-oriented activities we use to improve our memory strategies effectively
Memory strategies
When you say the "then" part of the sentence is false
Denying the consequent
When you estimate the frequency or probability in terms of how easy it is to think of relevant examples of something
Availability Heuristic
The probability of the conjunction of two events cannot be larger than the probability of either of its constituent events
Conjunctin rule
Using context to make a reasonable guess about a word's meaning after just one or two exposures
Fast mapping
The process of trying to identify the origin of a particular memory
Source monitoring
The system for categorizing the four kinds of reasoning used in analytical propositions or statements
Propositional calculus
Confidence judgements are higher than they should be, based on actual performance of a task
Overconfidence
The tendency to underestimate the amount of time and money necessary to complete a project
Planning fallacy
Children learn a general rule for past-tense verbs, but also store in memory past tenses of irregular verbs
Rule-and-memory theory
The problem whereby young children seldom use memory strategies effectively
Utilization deficiency