What is a plant
The 4 characteristics of plants.
What is: Photosynthesis, cuticles, cell walls, 2 stage reproduction
Describe a nonvascular plant.
What is...a plant that lacks xylem and phloem (vascular tissue) and get's water and dissolved nutrients by diffusion.
3 ways seed plants differ from seedless plants.
1. Produce seeds
2. gametophytes of seed plants do not live independently of the sporophyte.
3. The sperm form inside pollen and do not need water to reach the egg.
3 main functions of a root.
1. supply plants with water
2. hold plants in the soil
3. store surplus food
The definition of photosynthesis.
The proces by which plants make their own food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
The 4 classifications of plants?
What is... Nonvsacular plants, vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms.
Describe the difference between a rhizoid and rhizome.
What is..a rhizoid is a root-like structure in nonvascular plant that holds the plants in place. A rhizome is a horizontal, underground stem that produces new shoots and roots.
Describe the 3 structures of a seed.
1. seed coat
2. cotyledon
3. young plant
Taproot- one large main root, grows downward, taps into water deep underground
Fibrous roots- several roots of similar size tha extend from the base of a plant's stem. These root systems get water close to the soil surface.
The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell.
The chloroplast that contains chlorophyll.
The purpose of a plant's cutice
What is...the cuticle is a waxy layer that coats most of the surface of plants that are exposed to air. This keeps plants from drying out.
Name 3 nonvascular plants.
What is..mosses, hornworts, liverworts.
Descibe the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are seed plants that do not have seeds protected by a fruit. Gymnosperms seed are usually contained within cones. Angiosperms are vascular flowering plants that produce flowers and fruits.
3 functions of a stem.
1. support the plant body
2. transport materials
3. store materials, such as water.
The fertilization process of a flower.
1. pollen grains land in the sticky stigma
2. sperm travel through pollen tubes from the stigma to the ovary.
3. the egg within the ovule is fertilized by the sperm
Describe the 2 stages of a plants life cycle.
What is the sporophyte and gametophyte stage. In the sporophyte stage, plants make spores. The spores will grow into new plants when the environment is suitable. The new plants are gametophytes.
Describe the importance of nonvascular plants.
They are usually the first plants to live in a new environment, such as newly exposed rock. When they die, they form a thin layer of soil for new plants to grow.
reduce soil erosion.
Peat moss= fuel
Describe the 2 classes of angiosperms.
dicots- leaves with branching veins, flower parts in 4 or 5, 2 cotyledons, vascular tissue in a ring.
describe and provide an example of the 2 types of stems.
1. woody stems have tough, rigid stems made of wood or bark. example: trees and shrubs.
2. Herbaceous stems are thin and flexible. Example: Most crops, such as tomatoes, corn, and beans.
From flower to fruit.
1. a mature flower that is pollinated and fertilized.
2. the petals and stamen fall away.
3. The ovary becomes the fruit.
4. The ovule becomes the seed. Each seed contains a tiny plant.
The similiarties between plants and green algae.
What is...the same kind of chlorophyll, 2 stage life cycle, store energy in the form of starch, cell walls
Name 2 seedless vascular plants and describe the importance of seedless vascular plants.
1. ferns, horsetails, clubmosses
2. add soil depth, can be used in dietary supplements, shampoos, and skin-care products. In addition, ancient plants have formed coal.
Describe the importance of angiosperms.
Flowering plants provide food (corn, wheat, rice, etc).
Building material, rubber, perfume oils, medications, etc.
Describe the 4 main layers of a leaf.
1. cuticle- Waxy coating that prevents water loss.
2. epidermis-contain stomata
3. palisade layer- contain chloroplasts,
4. Spong layer- gas exchange, contain xylem and phloem.
Chemical equation for photosynthesis. (not the word equation.)