vocab
Outer highly differentiated layer
Epidermis
Cluster of lesions
Grouped
https://share.google/images/hW79kjptJ7Ym4Gjik
https://share.google/images/t0u8mDbNgTPnGPV9o
solely a color change, flat, & circumscribed, less than 1cm
Macule (freckle, measles)
Skin manifestation described by common benign brown or black skin lesions caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun
Solar lentigines
The nurse just noted from the medical record that the patient has a lesion that is confluent in nature. On examination, the nurse expects to find:
a. Lesions that run together.
b. Annular lesions that have grown together.
c. Lesions arranged in a line along a nerve route.
d. Lesions that are grouped or clustered together.
ANS: A
Confluent lesions (as with urticaria [hives]) run together. Grouped lesions are clustered together. Annular lesions are circular in nature. Zosteriform lesions are arranged along a nerve route.
Inner supportive layer
Dermis
Twisted, coiled, snake like lesions
Gyrate
https://share.google/images/Afgp0YbCXuYxVDTJx
felt and caused by superficial thickening of the epidermis (4cm) (solid and elevated, kind of like a wart)
Papule
common skin condition characterized by dryness, roughness, and itching
Xerosis
A patient has had a terrible itch for several months that he has been continuously scratching. On examination, the nurse might expect to find:
a. A keloid.
b. A fissure.
c. Keratosis.
d. Lichenification.
ANS: D
Lichenification results from prolonged, intense scratching that eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules. A keloid is a hypertrophic scar. A fissure is a linear crack with abrupt edges, which extends into the dermis; it can be dry or moist. Keratoses are lesions that are raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that appear crusted, scaly, and warty.
begins in center and spreads to periphery
Annular or circular
Resembles iris of eyes, concentric rings
Target or iris
https://share.google/images/681PyCSZvpbWUbBoa
papules coalescing to form surface elevation wider than 1cm
Plaque
harmless, benign skin growth that commonly forms on the neck, eyelids, and underarms
Acrochordons (skin tags)
The nurse notices that a patient has a solid, elevated, circumscribed lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter. When documenting this finding, the nurse reports this as a:
a. Bulla.
b. Wheal.
c. Nodule.
d. Papule.
ANS: D
A papule is something one can feel, is solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm in diameter, and is due to superficial thickening in the epidermis. A bulla is larger than 1 cm, superficial, and thin walled. A wheal is superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, and irregular in shape attributable to edema. A nodule is solid, elevated, hard or soft, and larger than 1 cm.
Lesions run together
Confluent
Scratch, streak, line, or stripe
Linear
https://share.google/images/kJj2ix1MCAKQUcvjB
elevated cavity containing fluid up to 1cm (blister-like) (seen in early herpes)
Vesicle
condition where glands in your skin get bigger, forming small bumps
Sebaceous hyperplasia
A 65-year-old man with emphysema and bronchitis has come to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. On assessment, the nurse might expect to see which finding?
a. Anasarca
b. Scleroderma
c. Pedal erythema
d. Clubbing of the nails
ANS: D
Clubbing of the nails occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease and neoplastic and pulmonary diseases. The other responses are assessment findings not associated with pulmonary diseases.
Distinct and separate lesions
Discrete
Annular lesions grow together
Polycyclic
https://share.google/images/33gzL4EV7OGeo8lfY
pus in cavity that is circumscribed and elevated
Pustule
Which skins changes to we need to be wary of?
Pallor, cyanosis, erythema, jaundice, brown-tan
A black patient is in the intensive care unit because of impending shock after an accident. The nurse expects to find what characteristics in this patients skin?
a. Ruddy blue.
b. Generalized pallor.
c. Ashen, gray, or dull.
d. Patchy areas of pallor.
ANS: C
Pallor attributable to shock, with decreased perfusion and vasoconstriction, in black-skinned people will cause the skin to appear ashen, gray, or dull.