Etiology
Problem originates in the hypothalamus
What is tertiary etiology?
Extreme manifestation of hyperthyroidism that is precipitated by trauma or thyroidectomy. Characterized by a dangerous increase in temperature, blood pressure, and pulse.
What is thyroid storm?
Diagnosis may include an ACTH stimulation test. An injection of ACTH is given; a positive result would be an unchanged cortisol level.
What is Addison's Disease?
This thyroid hormone is more biologically active than the other.
What is T3 (triiodothyronine)?
This gland is comprised of nervous tissue.
What is the posterior pituitary gland (aka neurohypophysis)?
Primary adrenal insufficiency
What is Addison's disease?
Characterized by boggy, non-pitting, mucous-type edema, usually periorbital, caused by a build-up of proteins in connective tissue; may also experience bradycardia, hypothermia, and severe lethargy.
What is myxedema?
Labs show a decrease in CRF and elevations in ACTH and cortisol.
What is secondary adrenal hyper-function?
This hormone mainly targets bone cells and regulates serum calcium levels.
What is calcitonin?
This is an enlarged thyroid gland. It may or may not secrete hormones.
What is a goiter?
(toxic goiter secretes hormones and non-toxic goiter does not)
Form of Cushing's with primary etiology (hyperadrenalism)
What is Cushing's Syndrome?
(Cushing's Disease has secondary etiology with a pituitary tumor that releases excess ACTH)
Manifestations of this include altered metabolism, skin defects, osteoporosis, GI upset and bleeding, and effects to the CNS as well as the cardiovascular system.
What is Cushing's?
This test is used to determine the thyroid's ability to synthesize hormones.
What is the iodine uptake test?
This is also known as somatotropin.
What is growth hormone?
This gland is implicated in most secondary etiologies.
What is the pituitary gland?
Congenital hypothyroidism at birth
What is cretinism?
Characterized by excess sodium and water retention with potassium loss.
What is Conn's Syndrome?
(Hyperaldosteronism)
Labs show elevations in TRH, TSH, T3, and T4.
What is tertiary hyperthyroidism?
These hormones are secreted by follicular cells.
What are T3 and T4?
This section of the gland is directly hardwired to the hypothalamus via the nerves.
What is the adrenal medulla?
Only has primary and secondary etiologies, no tertiary; with primary being in the anterior pituitary and secondary being in the hypothalamus.
Hypovolemic shock precipitated by illness, stress, or abrupt cessation of corticosteroid therapy.
What is Addison's Crisis?
Differentiates primary, secondary, and tertiary etiologies of thyroid dysfunction.
What are TSH and TRH (aka TRF) tests?
Low levels of this hormone causes symptoms of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, as well as fluid loss and dehydration.
This layer of the adrenal cortex is implicated in Conn's Syndrome.
What is the zona glomerulosa?