Principles
As you learn new material, focus on what it means
What is process for meaning?
Ready-made methods of learning information
Multiple encoding conditions produce good recall, because encoding under a variety of conditions provides lots of different cues
What is encoding variability?
Judgements during study of whether the item has been learned already
What are judgements of learning?
Understanding future forgetting and overestimating future remembering based on what we can retrieve now
What is stability bias?
Generate and practice the items you need to remember from memory rather than simply reading or restudying
A mnemonic device in which the first letters of each word in a list are formed into an easily remembered word
What is an acronym?
What is encoding specificity?
A theory of meta memory that advances that an adaptive learning strategy is to study those items that have not yet been learned but are not too difficult
The continuous monitoring of one's own knowledge and the continuous use of this monitoring to make informed decisions about learning and memory
What is self-regulated learning?
Our knowledge and awareness of our own memory processes
What is metamemory?
A mnemonic in which the first letter of each item in the list is used to form a sentence with an easily remembered visual image or auditory connection
What is an acrostic?
What are cues?
One of the original authors of the region of proximal learning
What is stability bias?
Spacing study out over time
What is distributed practice?
Spacing one's study over time can lead to faster acquisition of information
What is distributed learning/practice?
Common acronym for remembering the Great Lakes of the United States and Canada
What is HOMES?
Bits of information provided by either the external environment or your own imagination
What are cues?
What is the region of proximal learning?
Studying entirely in one block of time
What is massed practice?
In studying, you may want to reorganize the information given to you and make up your own organization
What is subjective organization?
Represents the musical notes in the open spaces on the musical staff on the treble clef.
What is FACE?
Ensures that you will have created a range of cues for the information
What is encoding specificity principle?
Conducted 12 experiments to test the idea of stability bias
Who are Kornell and Bjork?
More learning occurs when two study trials on the same information spread out over time than when they occur successively
What is the spacing effect?