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Organ System and Homeostasis
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Machines and the Body
Grab Bag
100
What is the integumentary system and what is its purpose?
It forms the skin, hair, and nails. Its function is protect the body from injury and to regulate body temperature
100
What is osteoporosis?
It is a condition where the body loses minerals, causing bones to become weak.
100
What are the three different types of muscle and give an example of each
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle
100
What is the formula for work? What unit is work expressed in?
Work = Force X Distance Work is measured in Newton-meters or Joules
100
What is normal human body temperature in degrees Celcius?
37 degrees Celcius
200
Name the levels of organization from most simple to most complex
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
200
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone is hard and dense. Spongy bone has many small spaces, making bone lightweight
200
Why must muscles work in pairs?
The action of muscle is only contraction. Muscles need an opposing force to restore to their original position
200
Your teacher tells you to stand in the corner and hold onto a 50 pound brick for 5 minutes. How many Newton-meters of work are you doing while holding onto the brick?
0 newton meters. You are not moving the brick. Work = Force x distance If distance = 0, then work = 0
200
What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?
Ligaments connect bone and bone, whereas tendons connects muscle and bones
300
What is homeostasis?
It is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
300
Name three functions of the skeletal system
Movement, protection, and production and storage of substances
300
What are the two types of involuntary muscle?
Cardiac and Smooth muscle
300
What is mechanical advantage? If my effort force is 20N and my resistance force is 50N, what is my mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage = resistance force/effort force 50N/20N = 2.5
300
Bones can act as levers and muscles can provide force. Which class of lever is most common in the human body?
Third class levers
400
What is the main organ of the excretory system and what is its main functional unit called?
Kidneys and nephron
400
What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red marrow produces red blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat and serves as an energy reserve
400
What is a muscle cramp?
It is when the muscle remains contracted strongly
400
What are the difference between the 3 types of levers?
1st class: resistance force is in the opposite direction of effort force 2nd class: Both forces are in the same direction, but effort force is farther away from the fulcrum 3rd class: Both forces are in the same direction, but the effort force is closer to the fulcrum
400
Describe the differences between arteries, capillaries, and veins
Arteries carry blood away from the heart Capillaries are deliver nutrients and exchange gases Veins carry blood towards the heart
500
What is epithelial tissue?
It is the tissue that lines the surfaces of the body, including the skin and the digestive system. (Technically after you eat something, it is not considered to be inside the body until the food is absorbed into the bloodstream)
500
Name the four types of movable joints and give an example of each
Hinge: knee or elbow Ball and socket: shoulder or hip Pivot: neck Sliding: wrist or ankle
500
when you pick up your backpack, what main muscle contracts and which muscle relaxes?
Biceps contract and triceps relax
500
Write the mathematical relationship between effort force, resistance force, effort distance, and resistance distance. Using your equation, explain how you can easily lift a very heavy object using a lever and fulcrum.
Effort force x Effort distance = Resistance Force x Resistance distance. You cannot really change the values of the forces, since you can't change your weight or the weight of the object. However, using a lever, you can decrease the resistance distance while maximizing effort distance
500
How many bones are in a typical adult male?
206 bones