Transcription
What is the term for the strand used in the synthesis of RNA?
Template strand
What type of RNA is used in the translation process?
tRNA
What is added to the 5' end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing?
modified nucleotide 5' cap
What is the term for a change in one DNA nucleotide pair?
Point Mutation
In eukaryotic cells, transcripption cannot begin until
a. the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter
b. several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
c. the 5' ends are removed from the mRNA
b. several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
What enzyme catalyzes RNA synthesis by linking together RNA nucleotides complementary to a DNA template strand?
RNA Polymerase
What enzyme binds tRNA to a specific amino acid in the translation process?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
What is added to the 3' end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing?
poly-A tail
What type of mutation has no observable effect on the phenotype?
Silent
Which of the following is true of a codon?
a. it never codes for the same amino acid as another codon
b. it can code for more than one amino acid
c. it can be either DNA or RNA
c. it can be either DNA or RNA
Name the 3 stages of transcription.
Initiation, elongation, and termination
What is the site of translation?
Ribosomes
What portions of eukaryotic genes are removed during RNA splicing?
Introns
What type of mutation is a substiution that changes one amino acid to another?
missense mutation
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
a. complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
b. complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA
c. the part of tRNA that bonds with a specific amino acid
a. complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
What establishes where RNA synthesis is initiated in eukaryotes?
TATA box
What does "t" stand for in tRNA?
Transfer
What enzyme is used in the RNA splicing process?
Spliceosomes
What type of mutation can change a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
Which of the following is true of RNA processing?
a. exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus
b. nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA
c. ribozymes may function in the addition of a 5' cap
b. nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA
What nucleotide base is substituted for thymine in the replication of DNA by RNA?
Uracil
What is the term for the particular nucleotide triplet that base-pairs to a specific mRNA codon?
anticodon
What is the term for the regions of DNA included in mRNA?
Exon
What is the term for a chemcial or physical component that can cause DNA damage that can alter genes.
Mutagens
Which component is NOT directly involved in translation?
a. GTP
b. DNA
c. tRNA
b. DNA