RESISTANCE & TESTING
This term describes bacteria that resist multiple drugs.
MDR (multidrug-resistant)
These drugs block cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
β-lactams
These drugs bind to the 30S subunit and block tRNA attachment.
Tetracyclines
These drugs disrupt membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
Polymyxins
This molecule is the main target in fungal membranes.
Ergosterol
This enzyme breaks down β-lactam antibiotics.
β-lactamase
This drug binds directly to the peptide chain in peptidoglycan.
Vancomycin
These drugs impair proofreading during protein synthesis.
Aminoglycosides
This drug disrupts Gram-positive membranes causing depolarization.
Daptomycin
These drugs bind ergosterol and form pores in fungal membranes.
Polyenes
This mechanism pumps drugs out of the cell.
Efflux pumps
This β-lactam group is most resistant to β-lactamase enzymes.
Cephalosporins
These drugs bind to the 50S subunit and inhibit peptide bond formation.
Macrolides
This drug inhibits RNA polymerase.
Rifampin
These drugs inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria.
Sulfonamides
This test measures zones of inhibition around antibiotic disks.
Kirby-Bauer test
This β-lactam class has the broadest spectrum of activity.
Carbapenems
This 50S inhibitor is rarely used due to toxicity.
Chloramphenicol
These drugs inhibit DNA gyrase and DNA replication.
Fluoroquinolones
This antiviral drug inhibits viral DNA replication (commonly for herpes).
Acyclovir
This value represents the lowest concentration that inhibits growth.
Minimum inhibitory concentration.
This drug blocks transport of peptidoglycan precursors across the membrane.
Bacitracin
This drug class prevents the assembly of ribosomal subunits.
Oxazolidinones
This drug damages DNA in anaerobic organisms.
Metronidazole
This antiviral drug prevents viral release from host cells.
Oseltamivir