Host-Pathogen Interactions
These molecules are produced by bacteria and are toxic to host cells
What are exotoxins?
The primary cells involved in antibody production.
What are B cells?
The term for a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microbes.
What is an antibiotic?
The phase of microbial growth where the number of new cells equals the number of dying cells.
What is the stationary phase?
These parasitic worms are flat and segmented.
What are tapeworms?
This is the name of the time period between infection and the appearance of symptoms.
What is the incubation period?
The type of immunity that involves T cells and does not rely on antibodies.
What is cell-mediated immunity?
The first antibiotic discovered, derived from a mold.
What is penicillin?
This term describes microbes that thrive in high salt concentrations.
What are halophiles?
This common parasitic infection in children involves intense perianal itching.
What is pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)?
The term for an infection acquired in a healthcare setting.
What is a nosocomial infection?
the class of antibodies most abundant in the bloodstream.
What is IgG?
This test determines the sensitivity of bacteria to specific antibiotics using a disk diffusion method.
What is the Kirby-Bauer test?
The temperature range for optimal growth of most human pathogens.
What is 37°C (or body temperature)?
the part of a tapeworm that contains the eggs.
What are proglottids?
This is the first line of defense in the human immune system.
What is the skin?
This type of vaccine contains weakened but live pathogens.
What is an attenuated vaccine?
This mechanism of action involves inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis.
What is the mode of action of penicillin?
The name of the oxygen classification for organisms that can only grow in the absence of oxygen.
What are obligate anaerobes?
The roundworm that causes ascariasis, often through ingestion of eggs in contaminated soil or food.
What is Ascaris lumbricoides?
This is the process by which pathogens evade the immune system by changing their surface antigens.
What is antigenic variation?
The immune response that occurs on the second exposure to an antigen, leading to faster antibody production.
What is the secondary immune response?
This drug is often used to treat tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis.
What is isoniazid (INH)?
The method used to measure bacterial growth by counting colonies on a petri dish.
What is the plate count method?
A blood-feeding helminth that can cause anemia, often contracted by walking barefoot on contaminated soil.
What is a hookworm (Necator americanus