Mendell
This scientist is known as the “father of genetics.”
Gregor Mendel
The observable traits of an organism
phenotype
This law states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
Law of Segregation
You roll a fair die once. What is the probability that the number facing up is an even number?
1/2
Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). If two parents are both heterozygous (Bb), what is the percent chance they will have a blue-eyed child?
25%
Mendel studied this type of plant in his experiments.
Pea plants
An organism’s genetic makeup.
genotype
This law states that alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.
Law of Independent Assortment
In man normal pigmentation is due to a dominant gene (C), albinism to its recessive allele (c). If a phenotypically unaffected couple produces an albino child, what is the probability that their next child is an albino?
1/4 (25%)
A gardener has a tall pea plant but doesn't know if it is TT or Tt. They cross it with a short plant (tt) and notice that half of the offspring are short. What was the genotype of the original tall plant?
Heterozygous (Tt).
One reason pea plants were ideal is this trait related to reproduction.
They can self-fertilize
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene
homozygote
The separation of alleles during meiosis corresponds to the separation of these structures.
Homologous chromosomes
If a mother is a carrier (Aa) and the father is also a carrier (Aa), the probability their child is also a carrier is this.
1/2 (50%)
In a specific breed of dogs, Black fur (B) is dominant to chocolate (b), and Normal vision (N) is dominant to progressive retinal atrophy (n). If two dogs heterozygous for both traits mate, what is the probability that a puppy will be chocolate-colored with normal vision?
3/16
Mendel’s experiments focused on traits that were easy to observe and had this quality in offspring.
What are clearly distinguishable (distinct) traits?
An organism with two different alleles for a gene.
heterozygote
If an organism is homozygous for a gene, this is the probability that all gametes carry the same allele.
100%
If two genes assort independently, the probability of an offspring being homozygous recessive for both traits in a AaBb × AaBb cross is this
1/16
Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive trait (ff). If a child has the disease but neither parent shows symptoms, what must the genotypes of both parents be?
Both parents must be carriers (Heterozygous, or Ff).
In a cross between one true-breeding purple flowered plant and one truebreeding white flowered plant, what is the ratio of purple to white flowered plants in F2 generation?
3 purple : 1 white
A diploid organism contains two copies of each gene located at the same position on homologous chromosomes, called this.
Locus
Mendel concluded that traits are inherited as discrete units rather than blending, opposing this hypothesis.
The blending hypothesis
A woman who is a carrier for Tay-Sachs (autosomal recessive) has three children. Two are unaffected, but one has the disease. What is the most likely genotype of the father, and what are the possible genotypes of the two unaffected children?
The father must be a carrier (Tt). The unaffected children could be either homozygous dominant (TT) or carriers (Tt).
In dragons, Green scales (G), Fire-breathing (F), and Tail spikes (S) are all dominant traits. If two dragons heterozygous for all three traits mate (GgFfSs), what is the probability of having a baby dragon that is Green, Fire-breathing, but Lacks tail spikes?
9/64