Main Beliefs
Name of deity in Islam
Allah
Muhammad is . . .
the founder and seal of the prophets
Capital of the Umayyad Caliphate
Damascus
Geographic feature impacting overland trade.
Arabian Desert
translates to "the struggle" - obligation to conquer evil
jihad
Sacred text in Islam
Qu'ran/Koran
Position named for Muhammad's successor.
caliph
Abbasid's Capital.
Baghdad
Evolution of the treatment of women
Islamic holy law
sharia
This event marks the start of the Islamic calendar. The migration from Mecca to Medina.
Hijra
First caliph after Muhammad
Abu Bakr.
Permitted non-Muslims to practice their faith in their empire, but required they pay a tax.
Umayyad
Three geographic features that contributed to maritime trade.
Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea
Letter of credit used to expand business
sakk
Cause for divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
Explain what Sunni and Shia Muslims believe.
Succession after Muhammad.
Shia - Caliph is from Muhammad's family
Sunni - Caliph is selected from Muslim leadership
bedouins
This caliphate was more focused on military expansion. Due to their policy of Arab favoritism, they declined.
Umayyad.
They helped preserve literary and scientific works from Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit and convert into Arabic and Persian languages.
translators
These two types of people held positions at all Islamic courts and helped spread the values of the Quran and sharia law.
Ulama and qadis
What role do the the Five Pillars in Islam play?
Explain each pillar.
Moral/ethical code.
Hajj to Mecca.
Belief that Allah is the only god.
Donating to charity.
Fasting during Ramadan.
Praying five times a day in the direction of Mecca.
Missionaries who helped spread Islam
Sufis
This Caliphate experienced a Golden Age. They also permitted non-Arabs to play a role in their government.
Abbasid
Name 4 innovations from the Islamic Golden Age
Mathematics: Algebra, Trigonometry
Science/Medicine: hospitals, germs, cataract surgery
Literature: Paper and book production
Philosophy
institution of higher learning
madrasa