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Vocabulary
Check Understanding
Processes
Quiz
Double!!!
100
This goes into the fork and is continuously synthesized.
What is the leading strand?
100
These people suggested that the existing strands of DNA served as a template (pattern) for the production of new strands, with bases being added to the new strands according to complementary base pairing.
Who is Watson and Crick?
100
This begins when DNA is opened, unwound, and primed.
What is leading strand synthesis?
100
This is what is means to say that strands in a double helix are antiparallel.
What is that they have opposite polarity?
100
This is the single difference compared in the Hershy-Chase experiment.
What is whether DNA or proteins were labeled?
200
This catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand.
What is DNA ligase?
200
These enzymes are used in leading-strand synthesis. Double!--> What happens if one or more of these enzymes do not work correctly?
What are helicase, topoisomerase, single-strand DNA-building proteins, primase, and DNA polymerase? --> DNA replication will not occur.
200
This synthesizes the RNA primer at the beginning of leading strand synthesis.
What is Primase?
200
This is where and in what direction Okazaki fragments are synthesized.
What is on the lagging strand and in a 5'---->3' direction?
200
This is how the structure of DNA makes it relatively easy for proteins to recognize base-pair mismatches or damaged bases.
What is DNA is a symmetrical double helix so a mismatch or any damage to a base pair will cause a kink that will be easy to recognize?
300
This is a Y-shaped region where the parent-DNA double helix is split into two single strands, which are then copied.
What is the replication fork?
300
This is why helicase or topoisomerase is not needed during lagging-strand synthesis.
What is because the helix is already opened and the downstream portions already relaxed?
300
This process begins when a primer is added.
What is lagging strand synthesis?
300
This synthesizes a short section of RNA, complementary to single-stranded DNA.
What is Primase?
300
This is caused when UV light damages the DNA. It makes it difficult for the replication fork to move down the DNA during replication and can lead to cell death if it is not corrected.
What is a thymine dimer?
400
This is an enzyme that cuts DNA, allows it to unwind, and rejoins it ahead of the advancing replication fork.
What is topoisomerase?
400
This is why telomerase is not found in bacterial cells.
What is since the DNA is circular, they do not have the chance to shorten?
400
This enzyme closes any gaps in the last stage of lagging strand synthesis.
What is DNA ligase?
400
This catalyzes the addition of dNTPs only in the 5'-->3' direction, requires a primer to work, and can proofread because it has exonuclease activity.
What is DNA polymerase?
400
This is why infrared wavelengths are much less likely than UV to damage DNA.
What is infrared wavelengths have a much lower energy level than UV?
500
This is a large, multi-enzyme machine used during DNA synthesis.
What is the replisome?
500
This is why the secondary structure of DNA is so stable.
What is because of the hydrogen bonding that takes place between complimentary bases?
500
This keeps the chromosome from shortening every time it is replicated. BONUS: How does this happen?
What is telomerase? -->Telomerase has its own RNA primer.
500
These are three events that increase the accuracy of DNA replication.
What is (1) DNA polymerase is highly selective when picking bases, (2) DNA polymerase III proofreads and corrects mistakes, (3) Proteins of the mismatch repair system excise incorrect bases and repair them?
500
This is the original DNA: 5'CAATTACGGA3'. The replicated DNA would be _____________________.
What is 3'GTTAATGCCT5'?