People & Impact
Who opened a sea route linking Europe directly to Asia?
Vasco de Gama
Who held the most power in Spanish colonial society?
Peninsulares
What religion blended African traditions with Catholicism in the Caribbean?
Santería
What English company dominated trade in India?
The British East India Company
What animal from Europe transformed Native American societies?
Horses
Whose conquests led to Spanish control of Mexico?
Hernán Cortés
Who often resented Spanish control despite wealth?
Creoles
What Afro-Brazilian religion mixed African beliefs and Christianity?
Candomblé
What allowed trading companies to rule territory?
Military and economic power
What American crop fueled population growth in Europe?
Maize (corn)
Who helped Europeans understand Asian wealth and trade?
Marco Polo
Who enforced royal authority in Spanish colonies?
Viceroys
What caused the spread of syncretic religions?
Cultural blending under slavery
What weakened African states like Songhai?
Firearms and European trade pressure
What system connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
The Atlantic World
Who provided detailed records of Islamic trade networks?
Ibn Battuta
What system exploited Indigenous labor for agriculture and mining?
Encomienda System
What institution spread Christianity to Indigenous peoples?
Missionaries
What empire collapsed due to Spanish conquest and disease?
The Aztec Empire
What economic system relied on enslaved labor and cash crops?
Plantation economy
Who encouraged exploration to bypass Muslim trade control?
Prince Henry of Portugal
What system reduced costs by using local rulers?
Indirect Rule
What effect did forced conversion have?
Cultural syncretism
What factor most helped Europeans dominate global trade?
Naval technology
What was the long-term result of European expansion?
Global economic integration