Diagnosing/Classifying Psychological Disorders
Simplest way to define a psychological disorder
To label behaviors, thoughts, and inner experiences that are typically distressful, dysfunctional and sometimes even dangerous, as signs of a disorder
Attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding? What kind of perspective is this?
Supernatural perspective of psychological disorders
Define anxiety and anxiety disorders.
Anxiety involves apprehension, avoidance, and cautiousness regarding a potential threat, danger, or other negative event.
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety and related disturbances in behavior.
Define obsessive - compulsive and related disorders.
* Psychological disorder that is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior.
* Diagnosed early to mid 20s
*Suffers from psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia.
What is comorbidity
Co-occurrence of two disorders
Links to the biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities.
Biological perspective on psychological disorders.
Define specific phobia
Experience excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object of situation.
EXAMPLE: agoraphobia or arachnophobia
* Moderate genetic component
* Orbitofrontal cortex
Cause of OCD
Types of delusions.
* Delusion: clearly absurd belief
- paranoid: people or agent plotting to harm them
- grandiose: special powers, elaborate knowledge, extreme importance
- though withdrawal/insertion: thoughts removed from head/ thoughts put into head
- somatic: something highly abnormal is happening to one's body
What makes the dysfunction bad enough to be a disorder
To be disordered it must be harmful in that it leads to negative consequences for the individual or others.
Has biological perspective been more accepted withing recent years or has it been devalued?
It has been more accepted in recent years.
List the three pathways proposed by Rachman and what they are.
First pathway - classical conditioning
Second pathway - vicarious learning, like modeling
Third pathway - verbal transmission or information
What is obsessive - compulsive disorder?
Experience thoughts, mental images, fears, sensations, and/or the urge that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors of mental acts (compulsions)
Define dissociative amnesia.
Unable to recall important personal information, usually following trauma or extreme stress.
What is the most used classification system?
The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
The diathesis - stress model of psychological disorders.
Integrates biological and psychological factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder.
What is characterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others.
Social anxiety disorder
Cannot bear to part with personal possessions regardless of the value?
Hoarding disorder.
What is the most well-known dissociative disorder?
Dissociative identity disorder.
It is when someone exhibits two or more separate personality states, each distinct from one an\other.
International Classification of Diseases.
Recall the books information on it.
* Second classification system
* Used to examine the general health of population and monitor the prevalence of diseases and other health problems internationally.
What does diathesis mean?
Underlying predisposition for a disorder.
True or False: Panic disorder is the relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension?
False.
That definition belongs to the term generalized anxiety disorder.
Panic disorder is having multiple panics attacks during a certain period and also having the worry of having another panic attack.
Define body dysmorphic disorder.
Preoccupied with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people.
Define depersonalized/derealization disorder.
Characterized by recurring episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.