Brain Overview
What are the three membranes that protect the brain?
The meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
What are the three main parts of the brainstem
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Name the 5 lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal, Parietal, occipital, temporal, Insula
Motor Nerve Controlling tongue movements
Hypoglossal Nerve CNXII
How many pairs of Cranial nerves are there?
12
What is white matter composed of?
Tracts
Which brainstem structure contains nuclei that control heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing?
medulla oblongata
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual awareness/processing
Damage to this nerve can cause blindness.
Optic nerve CN II
What are the three classifications for cranial nerves?
sensory, motor, mixed
Name the ventricles of the brain
Two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle
What connects the left and right cerebellar hemispheres?
The Vermis
Which of the three components of the Diencephalon relays signals between motor cortex, basal nuclei, and cerebellum?
Thalamus
What is the sensory nerve for hearing and equilibrium?
Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
Name the mixed nerve that plays major role in cardiac, pulmonary, digestive and urinary functions
Vagus Nerve CN X
Which part of the brain barrier system (BBS) seals blood capillaries in brain tissue?
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
What is the name of the branching fernlike pattern of white matter seen in a sagittal section of the cerebellum?
Arbor Vitae
Which component of the Diencephalon regulates body temperature, hunger, circadian rhythm, and memory
hypothalamus
Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, allowing you to look downward?
Trochlear nerve CN IV
Damage to this nerve causes drooping eyelid and double vision
Oculomotor nerve CN III
What 3 purposes does cerebrospinal fluid serve
1. Buoyancy
2. Mechanical protection
3. Transport - rinses metabolic waste and transports neuroactive chemicals
Name a function of the cerebellum
Muscular coordination, fine motor control, muscle tone, posture, equilibrium, judging passing of time, with some involvement in emotion, spatial perception, and language
What are the 3 types of Tracts in Cerebral white matter?
Projection, Commissural, Association
Damage to this nerve causes difficulty swallowing and loss of bitter/ sour taste sensations
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Name the 3 branches of the Trigeminal Nerve.
Ophthalmic branch
Maxillary branch
Mandibular branch