Mechanisms of Evolution
These are the 5 mechanisms of evolution.
What are natural selection, mutation, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift?
A characteristic or trait that increases an organism's fitness.
What is an adaptation?
When evolution radiates from one species, producing multiple species stemming from one.
What is Adaptive Radiation?
A line of evolutionary evidence that uses the study of developing individuals is known as this.
What is Comparative Embryology?
Two types of speciation.
What is Sympatric and Allopatric?
When the majority of a population dies out, leaving just a few individuals. When the population rebounds, biodiversity is reduced, and organisms appear to be inbred.
What is the Bottleneck Effect?
An adaptation in which a harmless organism looks similar to a harmful organism.
What is mimicry?
Unrelated species with similar adaptations but in different parts of the world are similar due to this type of evolution.
What is convergent evolution?
What is the following an example of?
A polar bear's fur is better camouflage on ice than brown bear fur.
What is an adaptation?
Isolating mechanisms that prevent fertilization or make it highly unlikely.
What is Prezygotic Isolation?
The idea that evolution will only occur if a force is causing a change in allele frequencies.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
Human birth weight is an example of this type of natural selection.
What is Stabilizing Selection?
When two organisms evolve together, often because it benefits both organisms.
What is Coevolution?
What is Allopatric Speciation?
When individuals join a new population, bringing new alleles with them.
What is Gene Flow?
Industrial Melanism is an example of this type of natural selection.
What is directional selection?
The idea that evolution occurs in small steps over a long period of time.
What is Gradualism?
Comparing DNA sequences to determine how closely related two organisms or species are.
What is Comparative Biochemistry?
Isolating mechanism that happens after fertilization, usually resulting in infertile offspring.
What is Postzygotic Isolation?
A change in DNA sequence leading to a potentially beneficial adaptation.
What is a Mutation?
Flamboyant coloration in animals, such as the peacock, is an example of this type of selection.
What is sexual selection?
The idea that evolution occurs with big, sudden changes.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
What is Speciation?
Change in the gene pool due to a random event, not evolution
What is genetic drift?
What is variation exists, variation is heritable, too many offspring are produced and not all will survive, variations that increase survival will be passed on?
What is Convergent Evolution?
Structures that function similarly but have evolved separately, such as penguins flippers and and fish fins.
What are analogous structures?
Two closely related species of fireflies mate at different times of the night.
What is Sympatric Speciation?