Visual Reflexes
The normal constriction of pupils when a bright light shines on the retina
Pupillary light reflex
A clouding of the crystalline lens due to UV radiation
Cataract
The inability to tolerate light.
Photophobia
- Peripheral vision intact in newborns.
- 3-4 mos., establishes binocularity.
- Lens is spherical at birth + grows flatter throughout life.
Eye development in Infants/Children
The direction of the eye towards an object attracting a person's attention.
Fixation
An optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of vision and caused by increased intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma
The perception of 2 images of a single object.
Diplopia
- Pupil size decreases.
- Presbyopia (farsightedness) caused by decreased elasticity of the lens of the eye.
- Increased risk for cataracts.
- Decreased visual acuity.
Eye development with the aging adult
Adaptation of an eye for near vision
Accommodation
Loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits (drusen) and neurovascularlity in the macula.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Screening for the loss of peripheral vision.
Confrontation Test
What is the normal visual acuity?
20/20
What is a normal finding following an eye assessment?
PERRLA
(Pupils Equal, Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation)
How do we test visual acuity?
Snellen Eye Chart
Nearsightedness
Myopia
If a patient has 20/30 vision, what does the first number mean?
Indicates the distance from the chart
Blind spot
Scotoma
Cross-eye
Strabismus
If a patient has 20/30 vision, what does the second number mean?
The distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line.
Protruding eyes
Exophthalmos
Sunken eyes
Enopthalmos
What does a visual acuity of 20/30 mean?
"You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye can see from 30 feet away"
Yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea
Scleral Icterus