Chapter 15 Jeopardyyyy

Italian Renaissance

100

This is the term for a widespread change in culture. Italy's began in the 1300s.

renaissance

200

Italy's advantageous Mediterranean coast enable it to move past feudalism more quickly than the rest of Europe, and become a center of this.

Trade / commerce

300

Many of the most powerful Italian trading cities became their own independent ____-____ that weren't under the control of a king and where even the Roman Catholic Church held little power.

city-states

400

As a new social system took shape, no longer focused on feudalism and the Church, artists and writers turned their attention to the classics (Roman & Greek works with a focus on nature / beauty / the physical world). This renewed interest in the classics was referred to as this.

humanism

500

These are two examples of Italian Renaissance artists.

da Vinci / Michelangelo / Donatello

Northern Renaissance

100

In the mid-1400s, a German printer named Johannes Gutenberg created a new way of printing books by developing a system of this (individual letters and marks that could be quickly arranged). 

movable type

200

The leading figure of Christian humanism was this Catholic priest who criticized certain Church practices that he believed often covered up corruption.

Desiderius Erasmus

300

England's best known Renaissance poet wrote at least 37 verse plays, many of which were based on plots borrowed from ancient works.

William Shakespeare

Protestant Reformation

100

The term for an official pardon for a sin given by the pope that could be purchased.

indulgence

200

The ultimate goal of all Christian religion is 'to go to heaven,' or this religious term:

salvation

300

When he heard about preacher Johan Tetzel's efforts to sell indulgences, this German monk in the 1500s became angry and decided to officially criticize the Church.

Martin Luther

400

Luther and his followers argued that salvation could be achieved through purity of this alone, rather than numerous good works or purchasing indulgences.

faith

500

Luther's break from the Church and the movement it inspired is referred to as the Protestant version of this:

Reformation

Catholic Reformation

100

This King of England started his own Church of England (aka the Anglican Church) after the pope wouldn't grant him a divorce.

Henry VIII

200

Christians who separated from the Catholic Church were referred to as this:

Protestant

300

This Swiss preacher in the 1530s agreed with Luther that faith alone could win salvation.

John Calvin

400

One key development of the Catholic Reformation was the establishment of the Society of Jesus in 1540. Its members were also known as:

Jesuits

500

In 1542, Pope Paul III called for a meeting to address corrupt practices of the clergy and return the Church's focus to matters of religion and spirituality. This gathering would become known as:

The Council of Trent