Review #1
The production of ___ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution.
A. automobiles
B. cloth
C. toys
D. furniture
B. cloth
In the late 1800s, one response of British workers to unsafe working conditions was…
A. to take control of the government.
B. to set minimum wages.
C. to return to farming.
D. to form labor unions.
D. to form labor unions.
Which scientist helped improve social conditions by taking steps to prevent diseases spread by germs?
A. Galileo
B. Sir Isaac Newton
C. James Watt
D. Louis Pasteur
D. Louis Pasteur
A long-term effect of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was…
A. an increase in the number of small farms.
B. a decline in international trade.
C. a general rise in the standard of living.
D. a strengthening of the economic power of the nobility.
C. a general rise in the standard of living.
Which describes a major social effect of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
A. the growth of the middle class
B. an increase in nomadic herding
C. a decline in urban population
D. a decrease in international trade
A. the growth of the middle class
Which statement best describes a significant contribution of James Watt?
A. He was the first person to identify the laws of supply and demand.
B. His efforts at reform led to the abolition of child labor in Britain.
C. He was the first to explain the workings of the free enterprise system.
D. His work on the steam engine allowed steam to power factory machinery.
D. His work on the steam engine allowed steam to power factory machinery.
Which geographic factor explains why the Industrial Revolution began in England?
A. England had a smooth coastline.
B. England had abundant coal and iron resources.
C. England had many scenic waterfalls.
D. England contained numerous mountain ranges.
B. England had abundant coal and iron resources.
What political changes did the Industrial Revolution help bring about 19th-century Europe?
A. Industrialists from different countries cooperated to prevent political change.
B. The growing middle classes encouraged the national unification of Italy and Germany.
C. The rulers of Russia introduced more democratic practices to accelerate economic development.
D. Revolutionaries inspired by Marx and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto successfully overturned several European governments.
B. The growing middle classes encouraged the national unification of Italy and Germany.
By 1830, two-thirds of the British cotton industry’s workforce were…
A. rural farm families who had moved to the city from Canada.
B. immigrants from France and Belgium.
C. women and children.
D. slaves from Africa and South America.
C. women and children.
"It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which [endless] serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It has a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling dye…”
-Charles Dickens, Hard Times
The author of this passage describes conditions caused by the…
A. unification of Italy and Germany
B. rise of the factory system
C. domestic system
D. Revolutions of 1848
B. rise of the factory system
With which statement would Adam Smith most likely agree?
A. Government should interfere as little as possible in the economy.
B. Revolution is the only solution to a country’s economic problems.
C. Elimination of most agriculture is necessary in order to industrialize.
D. Mercantilism is the best policy to promote economic growth.
A. Government should interfere as little as possible in the economy.
(1818-1883) Critic of capitalism, whose ideas became the basis of communism; believed workers would eventually overthrow their capitalist bosses.
Karl Marx
(late 18th-early 19th centuries) Began in England. Changed the way goods were made, moving production from the home to factories and from hand to machine.
Industrial Revolution
What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believe would result when communism finally emerged as the dominant political and economic system?
A. Only two classes would exist in society.
B. Workers would abolish private property.
C. Central governments would gain in strength.
D. Citizens would own their individual homes and farms.
B. Workers would abolish private property.
(1723-1790) In his book, The Wealth of Nations, he attacked mercantilism and explained how competition and the division of labor guided a free-market system based on self-interest.
Adam Smith
(1736-1819) Scottish inventor who improved the steam engine, thus making steam power available to run machines in factories.
James Watt
Monarch who doubled Britain’s size and who favored social reforms.
Queen Victoria
"By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention...Pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectively than when he really intends to promote it.”
This passage most likely appeared as part of…
A. Karl Marx’s Capital
B. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
C. Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince
D. Marx and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto
B. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
(1822-1895) Scientist who found that most diseases are caused by germs. He developed new vaccines and a method to kill germs by heating.
Louis Pasteur
Which statement about the Industrial Revolution in Britain is true?
A. Britain’s natural resources encouraged the growth of industrial cities.
B. In 1830, Britain had an unfavorable balance of trade.
C. Britain’s prosperity unified its people.
D. People emigrated from Britain because of industrial pollution.
A. Britain’s natural resources encouraged the growth of industrial cities.
(1867-1934) Polish-born chemist and physicist who conducted early experiments with radioactivity.
Marie Curie
How did the changes in textile manufacturing help initiate the Industrial Revolution?
A. Textile manufacturers used raw materials recently discovered in the Americas to introduce new products to Europe.
B. Textile manufacturers were the first to combine steam power and machinery in factories to mass produce goods.
C. Textile manufacturers introduced changes in methods of transportation to obtain raw materials.
D. Textile manufacturers used highly skilled workers who were more productive than unskilled workers.
B. Textile manufacturers were the first to combine steam power and machinery in factories to mass produce goods.
Movement that believes workers should have the government pass laws to curb abuses of workers and that government should even take over some businesses
Socialism
(1847-1931) Creative American inventor of the electric light bulb, phonograph, and motion pictures.
Thomas Edison
What was one important influence of Queen Victoria on British society?
A. She financed improvements on Watt’s steam engine.
B. She rallied the public against the growth of unions in Britain.
C. She supported the introduction of social reforms and charitable programs to improve the lives of the poor.
D. She took power back from Parliament to modernize British society.
C. She supported the introduction of social reforms and charitable programs to improve the lives of the poor.