These are the four phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
What are the G1, S, G2, and M phases?
100
Mitotic cell division includes these two processes.
What are mitosis and cytokinesis?
100
This is a process in which two haploid gametes unite to form a diploid cell called a zygote.
What is sexual reproduction?
100
This is a heritable change in genetic material.
What is a mutation?
100
This is a series of events that leads to cell division.
What is a cell cycle?
200
The G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively known as this.
What is interphase?
200
Mitosis is important in this, a process in which genetically identical offspring are produced from a single parent.
What is asexual reproduction?
200
This important feature of meiosis involves a physical exchange between chromosome segments of the bivalent.
What is crossing over?
200
These are the two kinds of mutations that change the total amount of genetic material in a single chromosome.
What are deletion and duplication?
200
This term refers to an event in which the chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division; it can occur during meiosis I or meiosis II and produces haploid cells that have too many or too few chromosomes.
What is nondisjunction?
300
This is a photographic representation of the chromosomes in a cell; it reveals the number, size, and form of chromosomes found within an actively dividing cell.
What is a karyotype?
300
Name the five phases of mitosis.
What are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
300
This is formed when two homologous pairs of sister chromatids associate with each other.
What is a bivalent?
300
These to kinds of mutations result in chromosomal rearrangements.
What are inversion and translocation?
300
Males of this species are produced from unfertilized eggs (haploid), while females come from fertilized eggs (diploid).
What are bees?
400
These are the two proteins responsible for advancing a cell through the phases of the cell cycle.
What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks)?
400
In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a *blank*; in plants, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the center of the cell and coalesce to form a *blank*.
What are cleavage furrow and cell plate?
400
Name the phases of meiosis.
What are prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I (and cytokinesis), prophase II, prometaphase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II (and cytokinesis)?
400
Name the four classifications of chromosomes based on centromere location.
What are metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric?
400
This disorder is caused by the inheritance of three copies of chromosome 21; the incidence of this disorder rises with the age of either parent.
What is Down syndrome?
500
These are the three checkpoints in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
What are G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and metaphase checkpoint?
500
This is the end result of mitotic cell divison.
What are two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the mother cell from which they were derived.
500
Name the three different types of life cycles and give an example of an organism that exhibits each.
What are diploid-dominant (mouse; most species of animals); haploid-dominant (fungi); and alternation of generations (ferns; plants and some algae)?
500
Organisms that are *blank* have chromosomes that occur in one or more complete sets, while organisms that are *blank* have incomplete sets of chromosomes.
What are euploid and aneuploid?
500
This German biologist proposed the idea that "Every cell originates from another cell" in 1858.