the Italian States
What family ran the city of Florence from behind the scenes
the Medici family
Who was at the center of the Italian family?
the father
Who wrote the Divine Comedy? What was it written in?
Dante, a dialect of Italian (the vernacular)
*content vocabulary word* painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
fresco
a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
republic
Describe the sin of usury
the act of lending money and charging a fee (interest) on the money loaned
How were marriages arranged during the Renaissance?
marriages were arranged by parents to create marriage contract that included a dowry, aka a sum of money that the wife's family gave to the husband upon marriage
Who is considered the father of Italian Renaissance Humanism?
Francisco Petrarch
*content vocabulary word* artistic techniques used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces
perspective
an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
humanism
What was a key idea in Machiavelli's the Prince?
What standard of conduct were the nobility expected to obey?
to serve his prince in an effective and honest way
How did education change during the Renaissance?
It became much less religious, focused more on students learning a diverse range of subjects
What was a goal of Brunelleschi in his design of the church of San Lorenzo that reflects humanism?
to create an environment that is made for humans to worship in and fill their needs, that does not overwhelm the worshipper
a member of the middle class who lived in a city or a town
burgher
Why did Italy's economy flourish during the Middle Ages/Renaissance?
It flourished due to the thriving trade, it was surrounded by water which made it easier to import expensive goods from the Middle East
What significant change happened to society as the Middle Ages ended and the Renaissance began?
Serfdom drastically decreased, meaning that people were legally free
What significant invention affected education and eventually, all aspects of Renaissance culture?
the printing press
List 3 High Renaissance Masters
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo
the language of everyday speech in a particular region
vernacular
What was Italy's political make up at this time? Was it a unified state?
It was not a unified state, it was made up of various city states that were led by different rulers (who were occasionally elected into office)
What were the three main social classes in Renaissance society?
the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants/townspeople
How did fourteenth century humanists belief about intellectual life differ from fifteenth century?
fifteenth century - should use their knowledge to better their communities
How did the Renaissance differ in Northern Europe?
Art had to be created on a much smaller scale since the churches had a large stained glass windows, often the artists painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altarpieces
a soldier who fights primarily for pay
mercenary