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Vocabulary
Key Concepts
Check Understanding
Self-Quiz
Double :D
100
This is the process of converting archived information into molecules that actually do things in the cell.
What is gene expression?
100
This is why the one-gene, one-polypeptide hypothesis is too narrow.
What is because not all genes code for polypeptides?
100
This Crick's idea about DNA.
What is that it was only an information-storing molecule?
100
This is what the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis states.
What is a single gene codes for a single protein?
100
In science, experiments need to be repeatable. Think back to the experiment on page 278 (What do Genes Do?) Name three things that the scientists need to describe in a paper about the experiment so that it would be repeatable. (Many different options.)
What is exact environment conditions, the type of fungi used, method of creating mutations, criteria for growth vs. no-growth?
200
These are alleles that do not function at all.
What is null, knock-out, or loss-of-function alleles?
200
This is why some changes in DNA do not change the outcome of transcription and translation.
What is because of the redundancy of the genetic code?
200
In order to test the mRNA hypothesis, researchers put together a mix containing these three critical elements.
What are (1) RNA polymerase (2) ribonucleotides containing A,U,G,C and (3) copies of a strand of synthetic DNA that contained deoxyribonucleotides in which the only base was thymine?
200
This is why researchers suspected that DNA does not code for proteins directly. (in eukaryotes)
What is DNA is found inside the nucleus and proteins are produced outside in the cytoplasm?
200
Explain why all point mutations change the genotype, but only some change the phenotype.
What is all point mutations change the DNA sequence, but due to the redundancy of the code, only some change the phenotype?
300
This protein polymerizes ribonucleotides into strands of RNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
300
This is the source of heritable variation that makes evolution possible.
What are mutations?
300
This is the central dogma of biology.
What is DNA---> RNA----> Protein?
300
This is where translations ends.
What is at the stop codon?
300
This is why the Morse code is a good analogy for the genetic code.
What is in Morse code different combinations of dots and dashes represent more complicated English words, in the genetic code, different combinations of bases code for complex proteins?
400
This is used by viruses that infect cells. One example of a virus that uses this is HIV.
What is reverse transcriptase?
400
These are the three categories of mutations.
What is beneficial, neutral, or deleterious?
400
According to the central dogma, the ________________ is determined by the sequence of bases on its DNA.
What is genotype?
400
These mutations are usually neutral.
What is silent?
400
TAC-TGG-CTG-GTC-CAC----->CODES FOR ________________ Use page 284
What is tyr-trp-leu-val-his?
500
This is a point mutation that results in the reading frame being moved; usually deleterious.
What is frameshift?
500
These are the four important properties of the genetic code.
What is redundant, unambiguous, nearly universal, and conservative?
500
This is the receptor gene that caused some mice to be dark but others to be light in the experiment comparing forest mice to beach mice.
What is melanocortin receptor gene?
500
This type of point mutation can be neutral, beneficial, or deleterious
What is missense?
500
This also codes for methionine.
What is start codon?