Definitions
A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches, or narrow ditch, facing each other.
What is Trench Warfare?
A heavy military vehicle designed to flatten enemy fortifications. It was also developed to be able to cross trenches, resist small-arms fire, carry supplies, and travel over difficult terrain.
What is a tank?
The stretch of land between the two opposing front-line trenches.
What is no-man's land?
The first segregated Black infantry regiment to serve with the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. They were awarded the French Croix de Guerre for their outstanding service.
Who are the Harlem Hellfighters?
A temporary agreement to end fighting.
What is an armistice?
Britain, France, Italy, and America make up this group in World War I.
Who are the Allies?
A device, invented by Garrett Morgan (Black inventor), used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic substances.
What is the gas mask?
A nickname for American soldiers in World War I.
Who is a "doughboy?"
The first and only African-American military pilot to fly in combat during World War I. He was awarded the French Legion of Honour.
Who is Eugene Bullard, "The Black Swallow of Death?"
An open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers.
What is a mutiny?
A long cut in the ground: ditch.
What is a trench?
This aerial vehicle was primarily used for reconnaissance and surveillance during World War I.
What is an airplane?
Why were Front line trenches built in a zig-zag pattern?
One of the most decorated United States Army soldiers of World War I. He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest which killed at least 25 enemy soldiers.
Who is Sgt. Alvin York?
Identify and describe at least two reasons why the German Government signed an armistice to halt the war during the Fall of 1918.
Reason #1: The government of Austria-Hungary disintegrated. (broke up)
Reason #2: Ottoman & Austria-Hungary Empires surrender to the Allies. (Earlier in Nov. 1918)
Reason #3: Revolution overturned the government in Germany. The emperor was forced to resign.
A double-breasted raincoat with deep pockets, wide belt, and often straps on the shoulders.
What is a trench coat?
A large German airship of the early 20th Century, long and cylindrical in shape and with a rigid framework. In WW I it was used for reconnaissance (intelligence) and bombing.
What is a zeppelin?
Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe who refused to integrate U.S. Military Forces into British and French regiments. *(The only exception were African American battalions)
Who is General John J. Pershing?
This Black soldier suffered 21 wounds and rescued a soldier while repelling an enemy raid in 1918. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic acts in World War I.
Who is Sgt. Henry Johnson?
A peace agreement, signed in 1919, that ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers in WW I.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
Battle front between the Allies and Central Powers in western Europe during World War I.
What is the Western Front?
Most battlefield casualties of World War I were inflicted by these projectiles.
What are artillery weapons?
When were trenches first used?
Extended trenches were developed by the French military engineer Sebastien Le Prestre Vauban during the 17th Century (1600s).
A United States military decoration awarded in the name of the president to those wounded or killed while serving.
What is the Purple Heart?
How did the German people feel after the Paris Peace Conference?
Germans were bitter, angered about being blamed for the war, and ultimately frustrated that their country was losing territory and being weakened economically.